expungo Latin · revision 36580

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la pungō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛkˈspʊŋ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ekˈspuŋ.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''expungō''' (present infinitive expungere, perfect active expūnxī, supine expūnctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|pungō|t2=to prick]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces the simple verb to [[itc-pro|*pung-|t=to pierce, sting]] and [[ine-pro|*pu-n(e)-g/k-]].^(de Vaan 2008) The sense of striking out comes from marking a name on a list with points set above or below it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan finds it from Plautus on.^(de Vaan 2008) Plautus uses it obscenely for pricking thoroughly, and also for crossing a name off a list: ''ut expungātur nōmen, nē quid dēbeam'', “so that the name is struck off and I owe nothing”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The main sense was to mark off on a list, especially when a debt was settled or an obligation cancelled.^(OLD 2012) Plautus speaks of a soldier in a disbanded company, and the jurists of soldiers struck off the roll or deprived of their pay.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis and Short call this use mostly ante- and post-classical and absent from Cicero.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pliny the Elder uses it of listing the stars by name, Suetonius of checking the panels of jurors, and Apuleius of entering a sum as paid out to the people.^(OLD 2012) Seneca has it figuratively of cancelling one gift with another, ''mūnus mūnere expungere'',^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Persius of getting a ward out of the way.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Tertullian uses it for performing or fulfilling.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ English [[m|en|expunge]] comes from it, first recorded about 1600.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of crossing off a debt.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 34–62 AD – Persius uses it of getting rid of a ward.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of listing the stars.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius uses it of checking the jurors.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it of recording money paid out.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 160–220 AD – Tertullian uses it for fulfilling.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1600 – English borrows it as [[m|en|expunge]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To prick thoroughly (obscene).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To mark off on a list, [[m|en|strike out]]; to settle (a [[m|en|debt]]), cancel (an obligation); to strike (a soldier) off the roll.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To record as paid out.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To get out of the way, remove.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' To perform, [[m|en|fulfil]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[expunctio]]

+ * [[expunctor]]

+ * [[expunctrix]]

+ * [[expunctus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pungō]]

+ * [[en|expunge]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}