reses Latin · revision 36568

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 180–102 BC, Lucilius|origins=la sedeō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''resēs''' (genitive residis); third-declension adjective of one termination^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[der|la|resideō|t=to stay seated, remain behind]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of [[m|la|sedeō|t=to sit]],^(de Vaan 2008) which goes back to [[itc-pro|*sed-ē-|t=to be seated]] and [[ine-pro|*sed-eh₁-|t=to be seated]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xum|zeřef|t=sitting]], [[grc|ἕζομαι|tr=hézomai|t=to sit down]], [[lt|sėdė́ti|t=to sit]] and [[sga|saidid|t=to sit]].^(de Vaan 2008) Paulus' epitome of Festus explains the word as meaning lazy “because he stays sitting”.^(Conte 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Lucilius,^(de Vaan 2008) whose line has it in the sense of remaining behind.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was rare until after Augustus and is not found in Cicero or Caesar.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Varro speaks of standing water, ''aqua resēs'', and of cheese that stays undigested in the body;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Livy of the common people who had stayed behind in the city.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) From staying put it came to mean idle and sluggish: Livy has men who hear the fighting while remaining idle themselves, and Virgil peoples long unused to arms and hearts long cold to love.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Statius adds a genitive, unused to wars, and Valerius Flaccus and Statius apply it to cares and reasons tied to inaction.^(Georges 1913)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Medieval writers used it for sluggish and lazy, glossed in Old English as ''slæc'', and for remaining or enduring;^(DMLBS)^(Köbler 2010) the ''Regularis Concordia'' calls those monks still sitting ''residēs''.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of standing water.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of men long unused to arms.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of the people remaining in the city.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 45–96 AD – Statius uses it with a genitive, unused to wars.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Remaining inactive or motionless; [[m|en|listless]], [[m|en|sluggish]], [[m|en|torpid]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Associated with inactivity (of cares, reasons and the like).^(OLD 2012)

+ # Staying behind, remaining;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) ''(of water)'' [[m|en|stagnant]];^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) ''(of food)'' undigested.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(with genitive)'' Unused to.^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin, as noun)'' One who stays behind.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[resideō]]

+ * [[residuus]]

+ * [[sedeō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The nominative singular is not found in classical texts.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}