abiungo Latin · revision 36567

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la iungō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [abˈjʊŋ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [abˈjuŋ.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''abiungō''' (present infinitive abiungere, perfect active abiūnxī, supine abiūnctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ The spelling ''abjungō'' is also found.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ab-|iungō|t2=to join, yoke]].^(OLD 2012)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) The simple verb [[m|la|iungō]] goes back to [[itc-pro|*jung-e/o-]] and to the nasal present [[ine-pro|*(H)iunégti|t=to yoke]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|युनज्मि|tr=yunájmi|t=I yoke]], [[grc|ζεύγνυμι|tr=zeúgnumi]] and [[lt|jùngti|t=to tie, join, yoke]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Cicero, Catullus and Caesar.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) In a letter to Atticus, Cicero writes that Demosthenes had kept away from this wrangling courtroom style of speaking.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Caesar uses it of Labienus and his legions cut off,^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) and Virgil and Propertius in the literal sense of unyoking: a ploughman unyokes a steer that mourns its brother's death.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Statius uses it for drawing a goddess away from a place and, in the ''Thebaid'', for making a cleft by splitting.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Medieval writers used it for separating or removing,^(MLW) as Lupus of Ferrières of the wretch cut off from God for ever;^(MLW) Ecclesiastical Latin also has it for unloosing.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it for keeping away from a style of speaking.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it of severed locks of hair.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of a commander cut off from the army.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it for unyoking a steer.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 45–96 AD – Statius uses it for making something by splitting.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|separate]], [[m|en|detach]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|unyoke]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To keep (oneself) away from an activity.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # To make by splitting or rending.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' To [[m|en|remove]].^(MLW)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[adiungō]]

+ * [[coniungō]]

+ * [[dēiungō]]

+ * [[disiungō]]

+ * [[iniungō]]

+ * [[iungō]]

+ * [[sēiungō]]

+ * [[subiungō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}