enato Latin · revision 36560

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=86/82 BC, Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=ine-pro *(s)neh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈeː.na.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɛː.na.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ēnatō''' (present infinitive ēnatāre, perfect active ēnatāvī, supine ēnatātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|natō|t2=to swim]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) The simple verb [[m|la|natō]] was built on an old past participle, [[itc-pro|*(s)nato-|t=bathed]], of [[m|la|nō|t=to swim]], which de Vaan traces to [[ine-pro|*(s)neh₂-|t=to swim, float]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sga|snaïd|t=to swim]] and [[grc|νήχω|tr=nḗkhō|t=to swim]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds the intransitive use first in the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' and Cicero.^(TLL) The ''Rhetorica'' says that nobody can swim out safe from the shipwreck of the fatherland, ''ex naufragiō patriae salvus nēmō potest ēnatāre''.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to swim out or away, to escape by swimming;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Horace has the hopeless man who swims out of a wrecked ship, Phaedrus says that a few swim to safety, and Vitruvius speaks of possessions that can swim ashore with their owner after a shipwreck.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis and Short call it very rare.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it meant to struggle through a difficulty: Cicero writes of people who seem to be in straits but still get through, ''ēnatant tamen'', and in Petronius a speaker says he got through, thanks be to someone's genius.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ By extension it was used of things that float up: Vitruvius has oars sending up images to the surface of the water, and Manilius has the sun and the constellations rising out of the sea.^(OLD 2012) The TLL dates the transitive use from the ''Bellum Alexandrinum'',^(TLL) and Pacatus speaks of swimming across many rivers.^(Georges 1913) The Vulgate has the form ''ēnatāsset'' in Acts.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' uses it of swimming out of the shipwreck of the fatherland.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of getting through a difficulty.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of things floating up to the surface.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Manilius uses it of heavenly bodies rising from the sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it in Acts.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To swim out or away; to [[m|en|escape]] by swimming.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To struggle through a difficulty, [[m|en|extricate]] oneself.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # To [[m|en|float]] up; of heavenly bodies, to rise above the sea.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(transitive)'' To swim across.^(Georges 1913)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[superenato]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}