immodestia Latin · revision 36555

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la modus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪm.mɔˈdɛs.ti.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [im.moˈdɛs.ti.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''immodestia''' ''f'' (genitive immodestiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|immodestus|-ia|t1=lacking restraint]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) The adjective is [[m|la|modestus|t=moderate]] with the negative prefix [[m|la|in-]], and that is formed on [[m|la|modus|t=measure]],^(OLD 2012) which de Vaan, following Schrijver, traces to [[itc-pro|*medo-|t=measure, judgement]] and [[ine-pro|*med-o-|t=measure]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xum|meřs|t=law]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) where a character complains that the master's lack of restraint has forced him, ''haec erī immodestia coēgit''.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means a lack of self-control or restraint, intemperate or unruly conduct.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Nepos uses it as a military term for indiscipline, of one's own soldiers and of the enemy's.^(Georges 1913)^(TLL) Tacitus uses it of the extortion of the tax-farmers, of the licentiousness of actors and of the unruliness of spectators.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Lewis and Short call it very rare and note that Cicero does not use it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a master's lack of restraint.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 100–24 BC – Nepos uses it of soldiers' indiscipline.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of tax-farmers and of actors.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Lack of self-control or [[m|en|restraint]]; intemperate conduct.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(military)'' Lack of [[m|en|discipline]], [[m|en|insubordination]].^(Georges 1913)^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|licentiousness|alt=Licentiousness]], excess; of tax-farmers, [[m|en|extortion]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[immodestus]]

+ * [[modestia]]

+ * [[modestus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}