gubernatio Latin · revision 36515

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=grc κυβερνάω}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gubernātiō''' ''f'' (genitive gubernātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|gubernō|-tiō|t1=to steer|t2=action noun suffix]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The verb is [[bor|grc|κυβερνάω|tr=kubernáō]], to steer.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) meaning the steering of a ship: in the ''De finibus'' he discusses a ship overturned through negligence in the steering.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cicero already used it figuratively for the direction and management of affairs, the government of the state and the conduct of a plan.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Later writers kept both uses;^(Georges 1913) the Vulgate has the plural ''gubernātiōnēs'' in 1 Corinthians, as do Augustine's ''Confessions''.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ In medieval Latin it meant government or rule in general, the governing of a church, monastery or guild, and a governorship;^(DMLBS) British sources also use it of God's government of heaven and earth.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it for steering a ship and for the government of the state.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate has the plural in 1 Corinthians.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 673 – Bede reports the Council of Hertford on a bishop's government of his people.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The steering of a ship, [[m|en|pilotage]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(figurative)'' [[m|en|direction|alt=Direction]], [[m|en|management]], control.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|government|alt=Government]], rule, governorship.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}