manubrium Latin · revision 36467

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la manus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [maˈnʊ.bri.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [maˈnuː.bri.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''manubrium''' ''n'' (genitive manubriī or manubrī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[der|la|manus|t=hand]], with a suffix whose form is unclear.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Wiktionary takes the ending as a variant of [[m|la|-brum]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan thinks it may continue [[m|itc-pro|*manu-habro-|t=held by hand]], made like the adjective that perhaps underlies [[m|la|ēnubrō]], though he calls its derivation from [[m|la|habeō|t=to have, hold]] uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008) Varro already derived it from the hand, and Cassiodorus, following Eutyches, explained it as ⟨manuhaberium⟩.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) who has the proverb that the hammer is wiser than the handle, ''malleum sapientiōrem esse manubriō'', and the phrase ''eximere ex manū manubrium'', “to take the handle out of someone's hand”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means a handle, haft or hilt, also spelled ''manibrium'':^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero describes a hollowed ladle with a golden handle, Columella says the best tool handles are of holm oak, Vitruvius uses it for the handles of taps, and Juvenal for the handles of knives.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Plautus' phrase about taking the handle out of someone's hand meant depriving them of the chance to do something.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In medieval Latin it was also a measure, the palm.^(Niermeyer 1976) English took [[m|en|manubrium]] by 1744 in mechanics, and later in anatomy and zoology for a handle-shaped part.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it in proverbial phrases.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero mentions a ladle with a golden handle.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it for the handles of taps.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it for the handles of tools.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal uses it for knife handles.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * by 1744 – English borrows it as [[m|en|manubrium]], first in mechanics.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|handle]], [[m|en|haft]], [[m|en|hilt]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|palm]] (as a measure).^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[manubriatus]]

+ * [[manubriolum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|manubrium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}