pulmentum Latin · revision 36463

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=itc-pro *pelp-mento-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pʊɫˈmɛn.tũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [pulˈmɛn.tum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pulmentum''' ''n'' (genitive pulmentī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*pelp-mento-]] according to de Vaan, a noun with the suffix of [[m|la|-mentum]] beside [[m|itc-pro|*pelp-m(e)n-|t=meat]];^(de Vaan 2008) the TLL likewise derives it from a stem with the suffix ⟨-men-⟩, following Leumann.^(TLL) Cognate with [[xum|pelmner|t=of meat]], which shows that the first vowel was once /e/.^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) The noun [[m|la|pulpa|t=flesh]], which de Vaan derives from [[m|itc-pro|*pelp-ā-|t=meat]], is related.^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD calls it probably cognate with that noun, and Lewis and Short take it as contracted from [[m|la|pulpāmentum]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) the TLL says that neither the form nor the meaning of the root is certain.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who uses it for food.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The OLD takes it to be a small portion of meat or fish eaten to start a meal, a name later given to larger savoury dishes;^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short define it as anything eaten with bread, a relish, and more generally food.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Horace has ''pulmenta'' bought with toil and food cut into single portions,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Apuleius uses it of a relish.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Church Latin it is savoury meat or pottage.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for food.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace speaks of food earned by toil.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it of a relish eaten with bread.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A small portion of meat or fish eaten as a [[m|en|starter]]; later a larger savoury dish.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Food in general.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A [[m|en|relish]], [[m|en|sauce]] or [[m|en|condiment]] eaten with bread.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' Savoury meat, [[m|en|pottage]].^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pulmentāris]]

+ * [[pulmentārium]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pulpa]]

+ * [[pulpāmentum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}