disiungo Latin · revision 36458

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *(H)iunégti}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [dɪsˈjʊŋ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [disˈjuŋ.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''disiungō''' (present infinitive disiungere, perfect active disiūnxī, supine disiūnctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ The spelling ''diiungō'' is also found, and an inscription has the perfect stem ''diunx-''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|dis-|iungō|t2=to yoke, join]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|iungō]] to [[itc-pro|*jung-e/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*(H)iunégti|t=to yoke]], a nasal present, and lists the compound among its derivatives.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|युनज्मि|tr=yunájmi|t=to yoke]], [[grc|ζεύγνυμι|tr=zeúgnumi]] and [[lt|jùngti|t=to tie, join, yoke]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) whose ''Asinaria'' has ''nē nōs disiunge amantīs'', “don't part us lovers”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense in the OLD is to unyoke draught animals, in Cicero, Horace, Ovid and Columella;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Varro uses it for weaning lambs from the teat.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) More generally it meant to separate or keep apart in space or time: Cicero writes that he and his correspondent are separated by distance of places and times, Sallust has a river dividing two kingdoms, and Virgil's ''Italīs longē disiungimur ōrīs'' is “we are kept far from Italian shores”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Figuratively it meant to dissociate or estrange, and in the passive to be alien to something;^(OLD 2012) Plautus has ''disiunge inimīcitiās'', to break off a quarrel, and Cicero and Livy use it of breaking up concord or an old friendship.^(OLD 2012) It also meant to distinguish, and in Cicero to set things apart as logical opposites.^(OLD 2012) The TLL notes that Boethius uses it often.^(TLL) Church Latin has it for putting asunder.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of parting lovers.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of weaning lambs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of unyoking animals, of separation and of logical distinction.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of being kept far from Italy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of unyoking an ox from work.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|unyoke]] (draught animals); to [[m|en|wean]] (young animals).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|separate]], keep apart (in space or time); to divide in two.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To dissociate, estrange; in the passive, to be alien (to).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|sever]], break off (a friendship or quarrel).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|distinguish]], differentiate; to set apart as logically opposed.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To put asunder.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[disiūnctim]]

+ * [[disiūnctiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[coniungō]]

+ * [[dēiungō]]

+ * [[sēiungō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}