acetabulum Latin · revision 36450

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *h2eḱ-eh1-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [a.keːˈtaː.bʊ.ɫũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [a.t͡ʃeˈtaː.bu.lum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''acētābulum''' ''n'' (genitive acētābulī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The spelling ''acitabulum'' is found in Marcellus' medical work and in writers on measures.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|acētum|-bulum|t1=vinegar]], originally a vessel for vinegar,^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) as Isidore already explains.^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan lists [[m|la|acētum]] and the noun among the derivatives of [[m|la|aceō|t=to be sour]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*akēje/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*h2eḱ-eh1-|t=to be sharp]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Cato,^(de Vaan 2008) whose farm manual uses it as a measure: an ''acētābulum'' of melanthium ground up in a hemina of old wine.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a small cup, originally for vinegar:^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Varro lists it with dishes and salt cellars, and Quintilian notes that people call any such vessel an ''acētābulum'', whatever it holds.^(OLD 2012) Seneca mentions the cups and pebbles of conjurors, whose very trickery delights him.^(OLD 2012) As a measure it was a quarter of a hemina, fifteen drachmas by Pliny the Elder's reckoning.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Pliny the Elder also uses it for cup-shaped things in nature: parts of plants, such as the flowers of the nettle, the suckers on the arms of a polyp, and the socket of the hip joint.^(OLD 2012) The Vulgate uses it for cups and bowls, silver ones among them.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995) British medieval writers use it for a cup, especially for offerings, for a liquid measure, for the hip socket and for a kind of cymbal,^(DMLBS) and Niermeyer also gives the sense cymbal.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it as a measure in his farm manual.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro lists it among small dishes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca mentions the cups of conjurors.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it for the suckers of a polyp and the hip socket.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it for silver bowls.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A small [[m|en|cup]] (originally for [[m|en|vinegar]]).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A measure of capacity, a quarter of a [[hēmīna|alt=hemina]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A cup-shaped part of a plant.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|sucker]] of a polyp.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The socket of the hip joint, the [[m|en|acetabulum]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A dish, bowl.^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A kind of [[m|en|cymbal]].^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[acētābulōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[acētum]]

+ * [[aceō]]

+ * [[acidus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}