acervatim Latin · revision 36404

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=la acervus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [a.kɛrˈwaː.tĩː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [a.t͡ʃerˈvaː.tim]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''acervātim''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|acervō|-im|t1=to heap up]] according to the OLD;^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary instead analyses it as [[m|la|acervus|t=heap, pile]] with the suffix [[m|la|-ātim]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan calls the etymology of that noun uncertain: Rix connects it with [[m|la|acus|t=awn, chaff]] through a form ⟨*akesuo-⟩, which de Vaan finds formally conceivable but a guess in meaning.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It appears in the 1st century BC: Lucretius writes that death heaped up the crowded bodies in piles,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Varro advises that dung be spread over the field and not left in heaps.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense is in heaps or piles,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) as in Columella and Pliny the Elder.^(OLD 2012) The ''Bellum Alexandrinum'' says that most of the Alexandrians threw themselves from the rampart in a mass,^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Tacitus that many were accused of treason all together.^(TLL) Cicero, in the ''Orator'', uses it of style, of not piling up many words in one period,^(OLD 2012) and Wiktionary gives a figurative sense “briefly, concisely”.^(Wiktionary) Apuleius has it of blows rained on someone in great numbers.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Christian writers kept it: Lactantius mocks the worship of minor gods in heaps,^(TLL) and the Vulgate has it of falling in heaps.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of the dead piled up in heaps.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of words piled up in a speech.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro advises against leaving dung in heaps.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of many accused together.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it of blows rained in quantity.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–317 AD – Lactantius uses it of the worship of minor gods.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # In [[m|en|heap|alt=heaps]] or [[m|en|pile|alt=piles]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # In large quantities, [[m|en|profusely]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # In a disorderly mass, all together;^(OLD 2012) in a [[m|en|summary]] manner, briefly.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[acervālis]]

+ * [[acervō]]

+ * [[acervus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}