enixe Latin · revision 36396

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la ēnītor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [eːˈniːk.seː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eˈnik.se]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ēnīxē''' (comparative ēnīxius, superlative ēnīxissimē)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[der|la|ēnīxus|t=strenuous]] with the adverb ending [[m|la|-ē]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) That adjective is the participle of [[m|la|ēnītor|t=to struggle, strive]], a compound of [[m|la|ex-]] and [[m|la|nītor#1|t=to lean, strive]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*kniχw-et-]].^(de Vaan 2008) Sisenna has a parallel adverb, [[m|la|ēnīxim]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL and Conte find it first in Plautus' ''Trinummus'', where a speaker says he wants a field left to someone ''ēnīxē'', earnestly.^(TLL)^(Conte 2010) Köbler's first author is Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Classical prose used it of zeal shown in a cause: Cicero says that all good men had taken up his cause ''ēnīxē'',^(Conte 2010)^(Georges 1913) Caesar and Livy use it of helping or obeying with every effort,^(Georges 1913) and Suetonius has the superlative.^(Georges 1913) Church writers used the comparative with verbs of praying, to pray more earnestly.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ The word continued in medieval Latin, where Aldhelm and later British writers use the comparative of earnest study and prayer.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it in the ''Trinummus''.^(TLL)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero says that good men had taken up his cause with zeal.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of obeying and helping with every effort.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius has the superlative ''ēnīxissimē''.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # With great effort, [[m|en|strenuously]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # [[m|en|earnestly|alt=Earnestly]], [[m|en|zealously]], [[m|en|assiduously]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}