iocularis Latin · revision 36390

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=la iocus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [jɔ.kʊˈɫaː.rɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [jo.kuˈlaː.ris]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ioculāris''' (neuter ioculāre, adverb ioculāriter); third-declension two-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ioculus|-āris|t1=little joke|t2=adjective suffix]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The noun is a diminutive of [[m|la|iocus|t=joke]],^(Etymonline) which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*joko-]] and [[ine-pro|*iok-o-|t=word, utterance]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It first appears in Terence,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) whose ''Phormio'' speaks of a laughable piece of impudence, ''ioculārem audāciam''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Cicero used it of a remark meant as a joke and of a laughable licence,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) and the neuter plural ''ioculāria'' meant jokes and jests, in Horace and in Livy's account of early stage verses.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Quintilian mentions a book of jokes, a ''ioculāris libellus'',^(Conte 2010) and Suetonius has the adverb ''ioculāriter'' of verses sung in jest.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In medieval Latin the adjective was used as a noun for a buffoon or entertainer,^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) and British writers also used the neuter for a precious object or jewel.^(DMLBS) Conte derives Italian [[m|it|giullare|t=jester]] from Provençal ''joglar'', which he compares with ''ioculāris''.^(Conte 2010) English borrowed it in the 1620s as [[m|en|jocular]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence speaks of a laughable piece of impudence.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a remark made in jest.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses the neuter plural for jokes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1620s – English borrows it as ''jocular''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|laughable|alt=Laughable]], [[m|en|facetious]], [[m|en|jocular]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(neuter plural)'' Jokes, [[m|en|jest|alt=jests]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|buffoon]], [[m|en|juggler]], entertainer.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin, neuter)'' A precious object, jewel.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|jocular]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}