lanterna Latin · revision 36385

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=grc λάμπω}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɫanˈtɛr.na]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [lanˈtɛr.na]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lanterna''' ''f'' (genitive lanternae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The spelling ''lāterna'' is found in the manuscripts of Plautus and of the Vulgate.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Georges notes that the best manuscripts almost everywhere have ''lanterna''.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|λαμπτήρ|tr=lamptḗr|t=torch, lamp]], from [[m|grc|λάμπω|tr=lámpō|t=to shine]].^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)^(Etymonline) The OLD takes it as an adaptation of the Greek word that came through Etruscan,^(OLD 2012) and Wiktionary and Etymonline see the influence of [[m|la|lucerna|t=oil lamp]] in its form.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Köbler traces the Greek verb to the root [[ine-pro|*leh₂p-|t=to shine, burn]].^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ Ancient grammarians explained it from Latin itself: Priscian derived ⟨lāterna⟩ from [[m|la|lateō|t=to lie hidden]], beside [[m|la|lūceō]] and ⟨lucerna⟩, and Isidore said it was so called because it holds the light shut up inside it.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It first appears in Plautus:^(Köbler 2010) in the prologue of the ''Amphitruo'' someone is said to be coming from the harbour with a lantern, and the ''Aulularia'' mentions a “Punic lantern”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In classical Latin it is a lantern, a lamp or a torch carried about:^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Cicero writes of a linen lantern,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) and Pliny the Elder speaks of horn cut into thin sheets for lanterns (''cornū lanternae'').^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Juvenal says of a cabbage that it will smell of the lantern.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Isidore of Seville describes it as a lamp closed in glass, so that the wind cannot reach the light and it can be carried anywhere.^(TLL)

+

+ It passed into Old French as ''lanterne'', the source of English [[m|en|lantern]],^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary) and was borrowed into Italian, Spanish and Portuguese.^(Wiktionary)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus mentions a lantern brought from the harbour and a “Punic lantern”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero writes of a linen lantern.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder mentions horn sheets for lanterns.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal says a cabbage will smell of the lantern.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 560–636 AD – Isidore of Seville describes it as a light closed in glass.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-13th century – English borrows it from Old French as [[m|en|lantern]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|lantern]]; a [[m|en|lamp]], [[m|en|torch]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[lanternārius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lucerna]]

+ * [[en|lantern]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}