phiala Latin · revision 36381

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=before 66 AD, Petronius|origins=grc φιάλη}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''phiala''' ''f'' (genitive phialae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|φιάλη|tr=phiálē|t=broad flat bowl]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler and Etymonline describe the Greek word as a technical loanword of unknown origin.^(Köbler 2010)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in the 1st century AD, in Petronius and Pliny the Elder,^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010) for a broad, shallow bowl for drinking or pouring, the same as the Latin ''patera''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In classical Latin it is a broad, flat drinking bowl or saucer, used by Juvenal and Martial;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Pliny the Elder also says that a place in the Nile at Memphis is called ''Phiala'' from its shape.^(OLD 2012) The TLL notes that it occurs in Petronius and Pliny, often in the Bible and in Christian writers, and in verse in Martial and Juvenal.^(TLL) In the Vulgate it is a censer,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) and Ecclesiastical Latin also used it of a small flask or vial.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ From a learned form ''fiola'' come French ''fiole'' and Old Provençal ''fiola'';^(TLL) Medieval Latin ''phiola'' and Old French ''fiole'' gave English [[m|en|phial]] and its variant [[m|en|vial]] in the late 14th century.^(Etymonline) Italian has ''fiala''.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius uses it of a bowl.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of bowls and of a place in the Nile named after its shape.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial uses it of drinking bowls.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it of a censer.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English borrows it through Medieval Latin and Old French as [[m|en|phial]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A broad, shallow [[m|en|bowl]] for drinking or pouring, a [[m|en|saucer]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A [[m|en|censer]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A small [[m|en|flask]], [[m|en|vial]].^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[patera]]

+ * [[en|phial]]

+ * [[en|vial]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In Ovid ''Phiala'' (or ''Phialē'') is the name of a nymph attending Diana.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}