urina Latin · revision 36379

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *woh₁-r̥}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [uːˈriː.na]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [uˈriː.na]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ūrīna''' ''f'' (genitive ūrīnae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*ūr-īno-|t=watery]],^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) an adjective formed from a noun [[m|itc-pro|*ūr(o)-|t=water]], from [[ine-pro|*woh₁-r̥|t=water]],^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) a neuter r-stem that de Vaan reconstructs with either ⟨e⟩ or ⟨o⟩ in the root.^(de Vaan 2008) He notes that this stem looks very like the other word for water, [[m|ine-pro|*wódr̥]], and Wiktionary calls it possibly a doublet of it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) Cognate with [[sga|fír|t=milk]], [[xlu|u̯ār|t=water]], [[sa|वार्|tr=vā́r|t=water]], [[ae|vāra-|t=rain]] and [[non|úr|t=drizzle]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The derived verb [[m|la|ūrīnor]] means to dive, which de Vaan takes to show that “urine” is a secondary meaning and that the noun first meant water;^(de Vaan 2008) Walde and Hofmann thought the sense “urine” may have been influenced by [[grc|οὖρον|tr=oûron|t=urine]].^(de Vaan 2008) Leumann instead regarded the noun as a back-formation from the verb, taken as a Latin form of [[m|grc|οὐρέω|tr=ouréō|t=to urinate]], but this does not explain the sense “to dive”;^(de Vaan 2008) Oleson suggested that divers produce more urine while diving, in which case “urine” would be the oldest meaning.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Varro and Catullus,^(de Vaan 2008) who use it of urine;^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010) Varro has it in his work on farming.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its usual sense is urine, in Cicero, Celsus, Pliny the Elder and Juvenal,^(Lewis & Short 1879) with a plural used by Pliny, Suetonius and Gellius;^(Lewis & Short 1879) Pliny has ''ūrīnam reddere'' for passing urine.^(Conte 2010) By extension Pliny the Elder and Juvenal use it of semen.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ Through Old French ''orine'', ''urine'' and directly from Latin it gave English [[m|en|urine]] about 1300,^(Etymonline) and Italian has both ''orina'' and ''urina''.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of urine.^(Conte 2010)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it in medicine.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it also of semen.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English borrows it as [[m|en|urine]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|urine|alt=Urine]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(by extension)'' [[m|en|semen|alt=Semen]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ūrīnālis]]

+ * [[ūrīnor]]

+ * [[ūrīnātor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|urine]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}