hariolus Latin · revision 36370

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=derivation|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [haˈri.ɔ.ɫʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [aˈriː.o.lus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hariolus''' ''m'' (genitive hariolī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Manuscripts also spell it ''ariolus''.^(TLL)^(Georges 1913)

+ According to the grammarian Scaurus the old form was ''fariolus''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a diminutive, related to [[m|la|haruspex|t=diviner who inspects entrails]],^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(de Vaan 2008) perhaps [[der|itc-pro|*χario-]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan suggests it is based on a stem ⟨*hari-⟩ or on ⟨*haro-⟩, which became ⟨*hario-⟩;^(de Vaan 2008) the first part of [[m|la|haruspex|alt=haruspex]] may continue [[ine-pro|*ǵhrH-u-|t=intestines]], although that word has also been taken for an Etruscan loan.^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary also traces it, with doubt, to [[ine-pro|*ǵʰerH-]], the root of [[grc|χορδή|tr=khordḗ]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Ancient scholars had other ideas: Donatus explained the word as if it began with ⟨f⟩, from [[m|la|for|t=to speak]],^(TLL) and Isidore of Seville derived it from the altars, [[m|la|āra|alt=ārae]], around which such diviners prayed.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Naevius is the first to use it,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) for a [[m|en|soothsayer]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It names a [[m|en|diviner]] or prophet, often in lists with the ''haruspex'' and the augur: Cato names it beside the ''haruspex'' and the augur, and Plautus and Terence beside the ''haruspex''.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero lists ''hariolī'' with haruspices, augurs, seers and interpreters of dreams.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The feminine ''hariola'' appears in Plautus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008) The Vulgate uses it too,^(Georges 1913) Ecclesiastical Latin keeps the sense “soothsayer”,^(Stelten 1995) and it continued in medieval texts.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it for a soothsayer.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it beside ''haruspex''.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato names it with the haruspex and the augur.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero lists them with haruspices and augurs.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it in Leviticus.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|soothsayer]], [[m|en|diviner]], prophet.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hariola]]

+ * [[hariolor]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A late commentator on Terence distinguishes the two: the ''hariolus'' divines about human affairs, the ''[[haruspex]]'' about divine ones.^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}