sustollo Latin · revision 36366

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la tollō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [sʊsˈtɔl.loː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [susˈtɔl.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sustollō''' (present infinitive sustollere); third conjugation, no perfect or supine stems^(Wiktionary)

+ It has no perfect or supine of its own in use: the forms ⟨sustulī⟩ and ⟨sublātum⟩ serve as the perfect and supine of [[tollō]], and the OLD files all their examples there.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|subs-|tollō|t1=up from under|t2=to lift]], with the form ⟨subs-⟩ of the prefix [[m|la|sub-]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces the simple verb to the present [[itc-pro|*tolna/o-]] and the nasal present [[ine-pro|*tl-n(e)-h₂-|t=to carry]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sga|tlenaid|t=to lift, take away]] and [[grc|ἔτλην|tr=étlēn|t=endured]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first examples are in Plautus,^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) whose ''Cistellaria'' has ''amiculum hoc sustolle'', “lift up this cloak”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its main sense is to raise on high.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) In Plautus a character says that a soldier, if he knew, would lift this whole house up and the man onto the cross,^(OLD 2012) and another remarks that Greek columns are usually raised up, which Lewis and Short take to mean set on a high pedestal.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Catullus has white sails hoisted by twisted ropes, Lucretius a machine that lifts great weights with a light effort, and Ovid a face raised grimly to the sky.^(OLD 2012) Seneca uses it of someone who takes the burdens of adversity on a stiff neck.^(Georges 1913) Plautus also uses it of snatching a person away, the master's daughter carried off from the racecourse.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Lewis and Short call the verb ante- and post-classical.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In late writers it means to build, in the Theodosian Code, and to take away or abolish: Arnobius uses it of removal from a place and Lactantius of abolishing a census.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Ecclesiastical Latin kept the senses of raising, building and removing.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of lifting a cloak and of carrying off a girl.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of a machine that lifts heavy weights.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it of hoisting sails.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–317 AD – Lactantius uses it of abolishing a census.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 438 AD – The Theodosian Code uses it of erecting a new building.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|raise]] on high, lift up; to [[m|en|hoist]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # To snatch away, [[m|en|kidnap]] (a person).^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' To build, [[m|en|erect]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' To take away, remove; to [[m|en|abolish]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[extollo]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}