scaphium Latin · revision 36353

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=grc σκάφη}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈska.pʰi.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈskaː.fi.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''scaphium''' ''n'' (genitive scaphiī or scaphī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The spellings ⟨scafium⟩ and ⟨scapium⟩ also occur;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Georges notes that good manuscripts have ⟨scapium⟩.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|σκάφιον|tr=skáphion]],^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Saalfeld 1874)^(Wiktionary) a diminutive of [[m|grc|σκάφη|tr=skáphē|t=bowl; skiff]].^(Wiktionary) Köbler groups it with [[m|la|scapha|t=skiff]].^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) who uses it of a boat-shaped drinking bowl: the ''Stichus'' has ''scaphiō bibunt'', “they drink from the bowl”.^(Conte 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its general sense is a concave, boat-shaped vessel or basin, as in Lucretius and Vitruvius.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) In particular it was a drinking cup of that shape: besides Plautus, Cicero mentions golden ''scaphia'' in the Verrines.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) It was also a chamber pot, especially one used by women,^(Georges 1913) in Martial, Juvenal and the jurist Ulpian, who holds that a legacy of silver plate does not include chamber pots.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Technical writers used it for the bowl of a water clock (Vitruvius) and for a concave sundial (Martianus Capella).^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ British medieval writers used it for a bowl or pot, above all a chamber pot.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a drinking bowl.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero mentions golden ''scaphia''.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it for the bowl of a water clock.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial uses it of a chamber pot.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 5th century AD – Martianus Capella uses it for a concave sundial.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A boat-shaped [[m|en|bowl]] or [[m|en|basin]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A boat-shaped drinking [[m|en|cup]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # A [[m|en|chamber pot]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The bowl of a [[m|en|water clock]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+ # A concave [[m|en|sundial]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[scapha]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}