turriger Latin · revision 36351

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la turris, la gerō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈtʊr.rɪ.ɡɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈtur.ri.d͡ʒer]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''turriger''' (feminine turrigera, neuter turrigerum); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|turris|-ger|t1=tower|t2=bearing]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) The second part is the compounding form of [[m|la|gerō|t=to carry]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) The noun ⟨turris⟩ is a loanword from [[grc|τύρρις|tr=túrrhis]] or [[m|grc|τύρσις|tr=túrsis]],^(OLD 2012)^(Saalfeld 1874)^(Wiktionary) which Wiktionary thinks is probably a Mediterranean substrate word;^(Wiktionary) the OLD compares [[osc|tiurrí]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Virgil,^(Köbler 2010) who in the ''Aeneid'' calls cities (''urbēs'') and the town of Antemnae tower-bearing.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is poetic and post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It was used of cities and riverbanks with towers, of ships carrying towers (Lucan) and of elephants with towers on their backs (Pliny the Elder, Silius Italicus).^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Lucan pictures the fatherland ''turrigerō cānōs effundēns vertice crīnēs'', spreading white hair from its towered head.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ It became an epithet of Cybele, who wore a crown of towers:^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Propertius and Ovid use it of her, Ovid also of Ops, and Statius of her shrine.^(OLD 2012) Lewis and Short see in the crown the earth and its cities.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In British medieval Latin Walter of Wimborne writes of a tower-bearing elephant.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil calls cities tower-bearing.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius uses it of Cybele.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid calls Cybele ''turrigera''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of elephants carrying towers.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Bearing a [[m|en|tower]] or towers, [[m|en|turreted]] (of cities, ships, elephants).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # (of [[m|en|Cybele]]) Wearing a crown of towers.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[turris]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}