umbro Latin · revision 36341

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=la umbra}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈʊm.broː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈum.bro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''umbrō''' (present infinitive umbrāre, perfect active umbrāvī, supine umbrātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|umbra|-ō|t1=shade, shadow]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan connects [[m|la|umbra]] with [[lt|ùnksna|t=shade]] and reconstructs a form ⟨*unksrā-⟩, which would have become ⟨*unsrā-⟩, ⟨*unfrā-⟩ and then ⟨umbra⟩; he finds no likely root for it.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Varro,^(de Vaan 2008) whose Menippean satires use it of the eyes and sleep: Conte reads ''umbrantur somnō pupulae'', the eyes are shaded by sleep, and Georges the same with ''nōn''.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Lucretius uses it of covering the mother, the earth, with roses.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to cast a shadow on, to shade, and to cast a shade without an object, as of shoots in Columella.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) It is mostly poetic or post-Augustan and is not found in Cicero.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Virgil has temples shaded with oak, of a wreath,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) and Statius uses the passive with an accusative of the part shaded, of temples shaded with Olympic branches and of cheeks covered with a beard.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Silius Italicus writes of an oak whose foliage shaded the top of a mountain, and Claudian of darkening the daylight with weapons.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it in his Menippean satires.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of the earth covered with roses.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of temples shaded with oak.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of shoots casting shade.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To cast a [[m|en|shadow]] on, to [[m|en|shade]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To cover, wreathe (the head or temples); (passive) to have shaded or covered.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # (without an object) To cast a shade.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[adumbrō]]

+ * [[inumbrō]]

+ * [[obumbrō]]

+ * [[praeumbrō]]

+ * [[umbrātiō]]

+ * [[umbrēscō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[umbra]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Umbrō'', genitive ''Umbrōnis'', is also the name of a river of Etruria, the modern Ombrone, in Pliny the Elder and Rutilius Namatianus.^(Wiktionary)^(Conte 2010) A medieval ''umbro'' found in glosses meant the [[m|en|grayling]], a fish.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}