superpono Latin · revision 36329

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=59 BC–AD 17, Livy|origins=la super, la pōnō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [sʊ.pɛrˈpoː.noː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [su.perˈpɔː.no]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''superpōnō''' (present infinitive superpōnere, perfect active superposuī or superposīvī, supine superpositum or superpostum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|super-|pōnō|t1=over, above|t2=to place]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives [[m|la|pōnō]] from an older ⟨*po-sinō⟩ “to put down”, a compound of [[m|la|sinō|t=to let, allow]],^(de Vaan 2008) and traces [[m|la|super]] to [[ine-pro|*(h₁)uper(i)|t=over, above]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis and Short think it perhaps not older than Augustan times.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The earliest example is in Livy, of an ornament set on a human head (''hūmānō superpositum capitī decus'').^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its basic sense is placing one thing on top of another,^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) as of a tower built on piles in Suetonius or a villa set on a hill.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) As a medical term it means applying plasters or remedies, in Celsus and Pliny the Elder,^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) and in geography locating a region beyond another.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Figuratively it means putting someone in charge, as in a fragment of Livy;^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) an inscription uses the participle ''superpositus'' for a superintendent of physicians.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Seneca uses it for ranking one thing above another and for raising the mind above injuries, and Quintilian for placing a word earlier in a sentence.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) In Christian Latin Jerome uses it of one presbyter chosen to be set over the others.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 59 BC–AD 17 – Livy uses it of an ornament placed on a head, and of putting a man in charge.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–AD 65 – Seneca uses it of raising the mind above injuries.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it as a medical term.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it of the order of words.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 383–419/420 – Jerome uses it of a presbyter set over the others.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To place over or on top, [[m|en|superimpose]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(medicine)'' To [[m|en|apply]] (a plaster or remedy).^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # To locate (a region) above or beyond another.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To place earlier in a sentence.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # To put in charge, set over;^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) ''superpositus'' (as a noun), a [[m|en|superintendent]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # To rank higher; to raise (the mind) above (troubles).^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # To mask, overlay (a quality).^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[superpositio]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}