responso Latin · revision 36325

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la spondeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [rɛsˈpõː.soː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [resˈpɔn.so]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''respōnsō''' (present infinitive respōnsāre, perfect active respōnsāvī, supine respōnsātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|respondeō|-tō|t1=to answer|t2=frequentative suffix]], formed on the stem ⟨respōns-⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists it under [[m|la|spondeō|t=to pledge]], which he traces to [[ine-pro|*spond-eie/o-|t=to libate]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on,^(de Vaan 2008) who uses it of replying: ''prō mē respōnsās tibi'', “you give yourself the answer for me” (''Cistellaria'' 507).^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Plautus also uses it of answering back,^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) as in ''num servī respōnsant?'', “do the slaves answer back?”, and of satisfying someone's needs.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) In poetry it is used of places that echo a sound: in Virgil the banks and lakes ''respōnsant circā'', “echo all around”,^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) and in Statius of a reflection in water.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Horace gives it a moral sense, standing up to passions, rich dinners or proud Fortune.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) He even says of a hen that it may ''respōnsāre palātō'', defy the palate by being tough.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of replying and of answering back.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of banks and lakes echoing a shout.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of standing up to passions.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 45–96 AD – Statius uses it of a reflection.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|answer]], reply (to someone, with dative).^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(poetic, of places)'' To [[m|en|echo]];^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) ''(of a reflection)'' to answer back an image.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # To answer back, reply defiantly;^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) ''(figurative)'' to stand up to, [[m|en|resist]] (passions, fortune).^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # To satisfy the needs (of), do justice (to).^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[responsitō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}