retorridus Latin · revision 36320

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=la torreō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''retorridus''' (feminine retorrida, neuter retorridum); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Köbler analyses it as [[af|la|re-|torridus|t2=parched]];^(Köbler 2010) the OLD sees a formation with the prefix on [[m|la|torreō|t=to scorch]] and the suffix [[m|la|-idus]].^(OLD 2012) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of that verb, which goes back to [[itc-pro|*tors-eje|t=to scorch]] and [[ine-pro|*tors-eie-|t=to make dry]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|τέρσομαι|tr=térsomai|t=to become dry]] and [[goh|derren|t=to make dry]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Varro,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who in his work on farming writes of meadows that are dried up and mossy.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was used mostly after Augustus and not by Cicero.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Columella, Seneca and Pliny the Elder apply it to plants, branches and fruit, and Seneca also to the burnt hand of Mucius.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Phaedrus calls a mouse that had often escaped the trap ''saeculis retorridus'', wizened with age;^(OLD 2012) Georges and Conte take this as “wily”.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Gellius uses it of men dried up by other pursuits who come late to learning,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) and Capitolinus and Lampridius of a stern, wrinkled face and of stubborn Gallic minds.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of parched meadows.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 15 BC–c. 50 AD – Phaedrus uses it of an old mouse.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of the branches of a plane tree.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of fruit and myrtle.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius uses it of people who come late to learning.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|parched|alt=Parched]], dried up, [[m|en|shrivelled]] (of plants, etc.).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of persons or animals, [[m|en|wizened]] with age; hence wily.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(figurative)'' Stern, gloomy; stubborn.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[torreō]]

+ * [[torridus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}