substringo Latin · revision 36313

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1st century BC, Nepos and Horace|origins=la stringō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''substringō''' (present infinitive substringere, perfect active substrinxī, supine substrictum); third conjugation^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|sub-|stringō|t2=to draw tight, bind]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan notes that all the compounds of the verb mean “tie, tighten”, and traces this meaning to [[itc-pro|*strenge/o-|t=to tie]] and [[ine-pro|*strengh-e/o-|t=to draw, tie]]; the sense “strip” of the simple verb comes from a separate root.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|στραγγός|tr=strangós|t=twisted, crooked]] and [[non|strengja|t=to bind together]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Nepos uses it of tying up a horse's head with a strap, and Horace of pricking up the ear (''aurem substringe'').^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short call it poetic and post-Augustan in prose.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Tacitus uses it of tying the hair in a knot, Lucan of hair bound up, Seneca of taking in sails, Silius of sails bound to the mast, and Suetonius of flesh bound with a bandage.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Columella uses it of oxen that have become constricted, and Silius of bodies made lean.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it meant to hold in check: Quintilian of cutting back an exuberant style, and Juvenal of keeping down one's anger.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 100–24 BC – Nepos uses it of tying up a horse's head.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of pricking up the ear.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses the participle of legs drawn in.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it of restraining an exuberant style.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of tying the hair in a knot.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal uses it of keeping down anger.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To draw in, gather up, [[m|en|tuck]] in (something hanging loose).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To tie up, bind tight (with a strap or cord); to [[m|en|constrict]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+ # To make lean or shrunken.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To hold in check, [[m|en|restrain]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stringō]]

+ * [[restringō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The participle ''substrictus'' is used as an adjective, “drawn in, narrow, tight”, by Ovid, Pliny the Elder and Gellius, and Columella has the comparative ''substrictior''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}