sabbatum Latin · revision 36312

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=65–8 BC, Horace|origins=hbo שבת}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsab.ba.tũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsab.ba.tum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sabbatum''' ''n'' (genitive sabbatī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|σάββατον|tr=sábbaton|t=Sabbath]],^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)^(Georges 1913) from [[hbo|שבת|tr=šabbāṯ|t=rest, Sabbath]].^(Wiktionary)^(Georges 1913) The plural form follows the Greek plural [[m|grc|σάββατα|tr=sábbata]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Horace,^(Köbler 2010) whose ''Satires'' mention ''tricesima sabbata'', “the thirtieth Sabbath”;^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Georges reports that some take this to be the Day of Atonement and others the new moon.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Classical writers mostly use the plural ''sabbata'' for the Jewish day of rest,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) which the Romans took to be a fast day.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Seneca and Suetonius use it for the seventh day of the week, Saturday,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) and Ovid, Persius and Juvenal for Jewish feast days in general.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) The singular is frequent in Church writers, especially in the Vulgate and Jerome.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Christian Latin counted the days of the week from the Sabbath.^(Conte 2010)^(DMLBS) Medieval Latin also used it for a week,^(Niermeyer 1976) and British writers figuratively for the soul's rest from worldly cares and its rest after death.^(DMLBS) The Italian [[m|it|sabato]] continues it,^(Conte 2010) and the English word [[m|en|sabbath|alt=Sabbath]] comes from it through Old English.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace mentions the ''tricesima sabbata''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid writes of “foreign sabbaths”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it for Saturday.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 383–419/420 AD – Jerome uses the singular, and ''ūna sabbatī'' for the day after the Sabbath.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses the singular for the Sabbath.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|sabbath|alt=Sabbath]], the Jewish day of rest (usually in the plural ''sabbata'').^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|Saturday]], the seventh day of the week.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(plural)'' Jewish feast days in general.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|week]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin, figurative)'' Spiritual rest; the rest of the soul after death.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sabbatārius]]

+ * [[sabbatizō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ In the Vulgate and Church writers ''ūna sabbatī'' or ''prīma sabbatī'' is the first day of the week, Sunday, and ''secunda sabbatī'' Monday.^(Conte 2010)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}