Halle German · revision 36287

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=810–817, Murbach Hymns|origins=gem-pro *hallō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈhalə/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Halle''' ''f'' (genitive Halle, plural Hallen)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|halle]], [[inh|goh|halla|t=temple; market hall]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*hallu]], [[inh|gem-pro|*hallō|t=hall, porch supported by columns]].^(Kluge 2011|388)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary)^(EWA|4, 769) The same word is [[osx|halla|t=hall]], [[gml|halle]], [[dum|halle]], [[ang|heall]] and [[non|hǫll]], and today [[nl|hal]], [[en|hall]], [[sv|hall]] and [[is|höll]].^(Kluge 2011|388)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ Outside Germanic, words for rooms and buildings can be compared, closest of all [[la|cella|t=storeroom, small room]];^(Kluge 2011|388) Pfeifer adds, perhaps, [[grc|καλιά|tr=kalīā́|t=hut, granary]] and, with a lengthened vowel, [[sa|शाला|tr=śā́lā|t=building, house, room]].^(Pfeifer 1993) Pfeifer and the Duden derive the word from the root [[ine-pro|*ḱel-|t=to hide, cover]], making it the place that shelters, and relate it to [[hehlen]], [[hüllen]] and [[Helm]];^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014|364)^(Duden GWDS 1999) Kluge gives this root only as a possibility.^(Kluge 2011|388)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''halla'' occurs in the Murbach Hymns (810–817), glossing Latin ''templum'', and in a glossary as ''halle'' for ''mercatum'' “market”.^(EWA|4, 769)^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|139) The element is also found in place names.^(EWA|4, 769)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word was rare in Old and Middle High German;^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002) Central German sources of the 13th century use it of a room where goods were sold and of the porch of a public building or church.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002) It became more widely known through Luther's Bible, but only in the 18th century did it become general, perhaps under the influence of Shakespeare and the Edda;^(Pfeifer 1993) Paul names English ''hall'' in Ossian and Old Norse ''hǫll'' in the Edda, with Klopstock in 1747 as the first to revive it in literature.^(Paul 2002) In earlier times a ''Halle'', unlike a ''Saal'', was a half-open building whose roof rested on pillars or columns.^(Duden 7 2014|364)

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+ After English ''hall'' and French ''halle'' it came to name large interior rooms and whole buildings, and since the 19th century it has formed many compounds such as [[Kunsthalle]], [[Markthalle]] and [[Turnhalle]].^(Paul 2002) English ''hall church'', for a German type of Gothic church, and ''beer hall'' (1882) are counted among German loans.^(LWP)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 810–817 – Old High German ''halla'' “temple” in the Murbach Hymns.^(Köbler AHD)^(EWA|4, 769)

+ * 13th century – Central German ''halle'' for a sales room and a porch.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 16th century – Spread by Luther's Bible.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1747 – Klopstock revives the word in literature.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 19th century – Compounds such as ''Kunsthalle'', ''Markthalle'', ''Turnhalle''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1882 – English ''beer hall'' is recorded.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A large building consisting mainly of one high room, such as a factory hall, an exhibition hall or a sports hall: ''Die Messe belegt drei Hallen.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A large [[m|en|hall]] in a building, used as an entrance, [[m|en|lobby]] or common room: ''in der Halle des Bahnhofs''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Vorhalle]]

+ * [[Bahnhofshalle]]

+ * [[Markthalle]]

+ * [[Turnhalle]]

+ * [[Kunsthalle]]

+ * [[Hallenbad]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hehlen]]

+ * [[hüllen]]

+ * [[Hülle]]

+ * [[Zelle]]

+ * [[Keller]]

+ * [[en|hall]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ Middle High German had a separate ''halle'' “place for making and storing salt”, from ''hal'' “salt works”.^(Köbler MHD)^(Lexer 1872|1, 1149) The name of the city of Halle is of unclear origin; it is traditionally linked with the river Saale and with salt, but has also been derived from the word for “hall”.^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}