Schilling German · revision 36286

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 8th century, Old High German glosses|origins=gem-pro *skillingaz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈʃɪlɪŋ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Schilling''' ''m'' (genitive Schillings, plural Schilling or Schillinge)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|schillinc]], [[inh|goh|skilling]], [[inh|gem-pro|*skillingaz]].^(Kluge 2011|805)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary)^(EWA|8, 122) The same word is [[got|𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍃|tr=skilliggs]], [[non|skillingr]], [[ang|scilling]], [[osx|skilling]], [[gml|schillinc]] and [[ofs|skilling]], and today [[en|shilling]], [[nl|schelling]] and [[sv|skilling]].^(Kluge 2011|805)^(Pfeifer 1993) It was first the name of the East Roman gold coin, the [[la|solidus]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ Its origin is not clear.^(Kluge 2011|805)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|735) It is formed with the suffix [[-ling]], and is often traced to [[gem-pro|*skildulingaz|t=something like a shield]], from [[Schild]]: Pfeifer mentions the view that it translates [[la|clipeolum|t=small shield, medallion]], since the Germanic peoples wore shield-like coins as ornaments, with the parallels [[fro|escu|t=shield, coin]] and [[es|escudo]] from [[m|la|scūtum|t=shield]];^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|735) Paul and Wahrig connect it with [[got|𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌿𐍃|tr=skildus|t=shield]].^(Paul 2002)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) Kluge objects that the sound changes are doubtful.^(Kluge 2011|805) Others attach it to [[ine-pro|*(s)kel-|t=to cut]], as a piece cut from a gold or silver bar.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler AHD) Brøndal derived it from a diminutive of [[la|siliqua]], the name of a small coin weight, which Kluge finds convincing in substance but adventurous in its sound changes.^(Kluge 2011|805) Jacob Grimm connected it with [[schallen]] and [[schellen]], “to ring”.^(DWB|15, 149)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''skilling'' appears in glosses from the end of the 8th century and in the Lex Salica fragment, for Latin ''solidus'', ''aureus'' and ''argenteus''.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|289)^(EWA|8, 122)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle High German the ''schillinc'' was a coin worth twelve pfennigs; in Early New High German it was a coin of forty, thirty or twelve pfennigs, a count of thirty or twelve, and also a beating of thirty or twelve strokes.^(EWA|8, 122)^(Pfeifer 1993) Czech ''šilink'' and Slovak ''šiling'' “public flogging” were taken from that last sense.^(LWP) The coin gradually lost value and fell out of use, but survived as a unit of currency in England and Austria.^(Paul 2002) Adelung records it as a money of account in Aachen and on the Lower Rhine.^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ The Austrian National Council chose ''Schilling'' as the name of the currency, which lasted until the euro.^(Kluge 2011|805)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) Hungarian ''silling'' and English ''schilling'' (1753) were taken from German.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 8th century – Old High German ''skilling'' in glosses.^(Köbler AHD)^(Kluge 2011|805)

+ * 1060–1080 – Middle High German ''schillinc'' in the Vienna Genesis.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 1279 – ''schillinc'' in charters, with many later records.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 1753 – English ''schilling'' is recorded.^(LWP)

+ * 1925 – The schilling is introduced as the Austrian currency, on 1 March according to the German Wiktionary;^(Wiktionary DE) Kluge gives 1923 as the start.^(Kluge 2011|805)

+ * 2001 – The Austrian schilling is replaced by the euro.^(Kluge 2011|805)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The former currency unit of [[m|en|Austria]], divided into 100 [[Groschen]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An old European [[m|en|coin]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # A [[m|en|shilling]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Schild]]

+ * [[en|shilling]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ After a number the plural is usually ''Schilling'': ''dreißig Schilling''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}