behandeln German · revision 36279

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1160, Sankt Trudperter Hohelied|origins=gem-pro *handuz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * [bəˈhandl̩n], [bəˈhandəln]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''behandeln''' (third-person singular present behandelt, past tense behandelte, past participle behandelt, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|behandeln|t=to touch with the hand]], formed [[af|de|be-|handeln]].^(Wiktionary)^(DWB2|4, 655)^(DWB|1, 1325) The same formation is [[gml|behandelen]] and [[nl|behandelen]].^(DWB2|4, 655)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ [[handeln]] is [[goh|hantalōn|t=to touch, feel, handle]], a derivative of [[Hand]], like [[osx|handlon]], [[non|hǫndla]] and [[ang|handlian]], whose descendant is [[en|handle]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler AHD) Its first meaning was “to take in the hand, grasp”.^(Pfeifer 1993) The noun is [[got|𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃|tr=handus]], from [[gem-pro|*handuz|t=hand]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The verb is first found, once, in the ''Sankt Trudperter Hohelied'' of about 1160, in the sense “to reach out a comforting hand”: God's goodness treats our complaints ''alsô ainer guͦten muͦter hant'' “like the hand of a good mother”.^(DWB2|4, 655)^(Köbler MHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In 1377 a guild rule fines anyone who ''obel behandelt'' “treats badly” another member, but the sense “to deal with someone in a certain way” stayed rare until the second half of the 18th century, when it became the main use.^(DWB2|4, 655) From the 16th century the verb also meant “to work on, process” a material and, in Early New High German, “to negotiate”;^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Adelung 1793) Adelung still records ''eine Ware behandeln'' “to agree on the price of goods”.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Adelung 1793) The medical sense “to try to heal” and the use for a subject treated in speech or writing developed from “to work on”.^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|1, 1325)

+

+ Under National Socialism the verb served first as a cynical euphemism for torture and then, as a code word, for killing; compare [[Sonderbehandlung]].^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1160 – First record, “to reach out a comforting hand”, in the ''Sankt Trudperter Hohelied''.^(DWB2|4, 655)

+ * 1377 – ''Obel behandelt'' “treated badly” is recorded.^(DWB2|4, 655)

+ * 16th century – The senses “to work on, process” and “to negotiate” appear.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * Second half of the 18th century – “To deal with someone” becomes the main sense.^(DWB2|4, 655)

+ * 1793 – Adelung records ''behandeln'' of a subject, a person and a bargain.^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|treat]] someone or something in a particular way: ''Sie behandelt ihre Kollegen immer höflich.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To treat something with a substance that has a particular effect, to [[m|en|process]] it: ''das Holz mit Öl behandeln''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # To represent something in a particular way, especially in art; to discuss a matter or topic; to analyse and present it in a scholarly way.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To give medical treatment to a patient, or to treat an illness or injury in order to [[m|en|heal]] it.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Behandlung]]

+ * [[Behandler]]

+ * [[Sonderbehandlung]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[handeln]]

+ * [[Hand]]

+ * [[verhandeln]]

+ * [[misshandeln]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}