errichten German · revision 36260

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=790–802, Old High German Benedictine Rule|origins=ine-pro *reǵ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ɛˈʁɪçtən/, [ʔɛˈʁɪçtn̩]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''errichten''' (third-person singular present errichtet, past tense errichtete, past participle errichtet, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|de|er-|richten]], a prefixed form of the verb meaning “to set straight, to direct”.^(Kluge 2011|766)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary DE) Old High German already had [[m|goh|irrihten|t=to set up, raise; to instruct]] from about 800, but the verb is hardly recorded in Middle High German and early New High German, and becomes frequent again only in the 17th and 18th centuries.^(DWB2|8, 2094)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden GWDS 1999) Wiktionary traces it through a Middle High German stage, [[m|gmh|errihten]], to [[gmw-pro|*uʀrihtijan]],^(Wiktionary) but Köbler gives that Middle High German form only as an inferred one.^(Köbler MHD)

+

+ The base verb [[richten]], [[goh|rihten]], [[osx|rihtian]], [[ang|rihtan]], [[non|rétta]], [[got|𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=garaihtjan]], from [[gem-pro|*rihtijaną]], is a factitive verb “to make straight” formed from the adjective [[recht]].^(Kluge 2011|766)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) Köbler traces the family to [[ine-pro|*reǵ-|t=straight; to direct, stretch]].^(Köbler AHD)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Old High German Benedictine Rule (790–802) has ''si errihtit ze himile hleitarpaum'', “it sets up a ladder to heaven”.^(DWB2|8, 2094) Old High German ''irrihten'' meant “to set up, raise, erect”, and with a personal object “to instruct someone, explain something to someone”; it occurs in the Benedictine Rule, the Murbach Hymns, Tatian, Otfrid, Notker and the glosses.^(Schützeichel 2012|260)^(Köbler AHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ According to Paul, the oldest sense survives in phrases such as setting up a stone column or a cross, from which the verb was extended to founding a bishopric or a university.^(Paul 2002) The 18th century used it in combinations no longer current: Schiller wrote of establishing an acquaintance or a treaty, and Kant of setting up a hypothesis.^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|3, 946) The Grimms note that the plain physical sense “to raise up” was rare, the usual word being [[aufrichten]].^(DWB|3, 946) Adelung (1793) calls it a word of elevated style, used mainly in figurative senses: a monument, a bishopric, an academy, a treaty.^(Adelung 1793|1, 1931)

+

+ In geometry one erects a perpendicular on a line, a use recorded from the 1760s, and in legal language ''ein Testament errichten'' is to draw up a will in due form.^(DWB2|8, 2094)^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(DWB|3, 946)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 790–802 – ''errihtit'' “sets up” in the Old High German Benedictine Rule.^(DWB2|8, 2094)

+ * 1414 – An isolated record in an Austrian legal text, of setting up a boundary stone.^(DWB2|8, 2094)

+ * 17th century – The verb is in use again, meaning “to set up, form”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB2|8, 2094)

+ * 1720 – A German ''Robinson Crusoe'' has the hero put up a large tent.^(DWB2|8, 2094)

+ * 1768 – First record of erecting perpendicular lines in a building manual.^(DWB2|8, 2094)

+ * 1793 – Adelung labels it a word of elevated style.^(Adelung 1793|1, 1931)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|build]] or [[m|en|erect]] a tall structure: ''Die Stadt errichtet ein neues Rathaus.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To set up or put together: ''ein Zelt, eine Bühne errichten'';^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) ''(geometry)'' to erect a [[m|en|perpendicular]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|establish]] or [[m|en|found]] (a state, an institution, a system): ''eine Diktatur errichten''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(law)'' To draw up formally: ''ein Testament errichten''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Errichtung]]

+ * [[wiedererrichten]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[richten]]

+ * [[aufrichten]]

+ * [[recht]]

+ * [[Richter]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}