erlauben German · revision 36258

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=790–802, Old High German Benedictine Rule|origins=gem-pro *uzlaubijaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * [ʔɛɐ̯ˈlaʊ̯bm̩], [ʔɛɐ̯ˈlaʊ̯bn̩], [ʔɛɐ̯ˈlaʊ̯bən]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Austria: [ʔæɫˈɑɔbm̩]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''erlauben''' (third-person singular present erlaubt, past tense erlaubte, past participle erlaubt, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|erlouben]], [[inh|goh|irlouben]], [[inh|gem-pro|*uzlaubijaną|t=to allow]].^(Kluge 2011|255)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler AHD) The same verb is [[got|𐌿𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=uslaubjan]], [[ang|ālīefan]] and [[gml|erlȫven]].^(Kluge 2011|255)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB2|8, 1920) Its old abstract noun is [[Urlaub]], originally “permission to leave”.^(Kluge 2011|255)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)

+

+ Pfeifer, Duden and the revised Grimm start from a sense “to like, approve” and place the verb with [[lieb]], [[loben]] and [[glauben]], from [[ine-pro|*leubʰ-|t=to like, desire]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014)^(DWB2|8, 1920) Kluge instead finds the closest match in sense in [[lv|ļaut|t=to allow, permit]], which belongs with [[lt|liáuti|t=to stop]], and considers a root [[ine-pro|*lēu-|t=to let go]], possible but not secure.^(Kluge 2011|255) Wahrig stresses that neither the verb nor its abstract noun has anything to do with [[Laub]] “foliage”.^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)

+

+ In New High German the Upper German form without umlaut prevailed over the Central German [[erleuben]], which Luther used.^(Duden 7 2014)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Old High German Benedictine Rule (790–802) renders Latin ''non licere'' “not to be permitted” with ''nalles erlaubpan''.^(DWB2|8, 1920) Old High German ''irlouben'' meant “to permit, allow, give way”, in the Benedictine Rule, Tatian, the Würzburg Confession, Williram and the glosses.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|207)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Paul gives the original sense as “to approve”.^(Paul 2002) Middle High German ''erlouben'' also meant “to give leave, dismiss”, and early New High German still used it for letting someone depart or releasing someone from service.^(Köbler MHD)^(FWB) Adelung (1793) records that this sense had long been obsolete in High German.^(Adelung 1793|1, 1914) Luther's Bible has the umlauted form, as in Matthew 8:21, ''erleube mir, das ich hin gehe'', “allow me to go first”.^(DWB|3, 891)

+

+ The reflexive ''sich etwas erlauben'' is “to take the liberty of something” and also “to afford something”.^(Duden GWDS 1999) The noun [[Erlaubnis]] is recorded from about 1300 (Pfeifer) or 1398 (Paul); Luther's synonym ''Erlaub'' gave way to [[Verlaub]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 790–802 – ''erlaubpan'' in the Old High German Benedictine Rule.^(DWB2|8, 1920)

+ * c. 1060 – Williram uses ''erlôibet'' in his commentary on the Song of Songs.^(DWB2|8, 1920)

+ * 1290 – A charter permits the Jews of a town to build a bathhouse.^(DWB2|8, 1920)

+ * c. 1300 – First record of ''Erlaubnis''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 16th century – Luther writes ''erleuben''.^(Duden 7 2014)^(DWB|3, 891)

+ * 1793 – Adelung calls the sense “give leave to go” obsolete.^(Adelung 1793|1, 1914)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|allow]] or [[m|en|permit]] (someone, with the dative, something): ''Ihre Mutter erlaubt ihr den Ausflug nicht.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To make possible: ''wenn es die Zeit erlaubt''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' To take the [[m|en|liberty]] of: ''Ich erlaube mir, Sie kurz zu unterbrechen.'';^(Duden GWDS 1999) ''(colloquial)'' ''Erlauben Sie mal!'', an indignant protest.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' To [[m|en|afford]]: ''sich ein neues Fahrrad erlauben''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Erlaubnis]]

+ * [[erlaubt]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Urlaub]]

+ * [[Verlaub]]

+ * [[lieb]]

+ * [[glauben]]

+ * [[loben]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}