hilare Latin · revision 36246

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=grc ἱλαρός}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hilarē''' (comparative hilarius, superlative hilarissimē)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|hilaris|-ē|t1=cheerful]];^(Wiktionary) the OLD and Georges derive it from the variant [[m|la|hilarus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) The adjective was borrowed from [[grc|ἱλαρός|tr=hilarós|t=cheerful, merry]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) which Wiktionary derives from [[m|grc|ἵλαος|tr=hílaos|t=propitious, gracious]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler and Georges find it first in Plautus,^(Köbler 2010)^(Georges 1913) who uses it of someone received cheerfully and generously.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means cheerfully, gaily or light-heartedly.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Afranius has a man showing himself cheerful, and the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' someone going cheerfully into the temple of Jupiter.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero writes of living cheerfully, of treating stern matters cheerfully, and of Pompey being with him in good spirits while he wrote;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) the comparative ''hilarius'' is used of speaking by Cicero and of writing by Pliny the Younger.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Gellius uses it of keeping the Saturnalia cheerfully but with restraint.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Columella applies it to plants, of their sprouting more vigorously.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ Augustine and the Vulgate use the form ''hilariter''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a cheerful reception.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of living cheerfully.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses the comparative of plants sprouting vigorously.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius uses it of keeping the Saturnalia.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|cheerfully|alt=Cheerfully]], gaily, [[m|en|light-heartedly]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # (of plants) [[m|en|vigorously|alt=Vigorously]], luxuriantly.^(Conte 2010)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[hilaris]]

+ * [[hilaritās]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}