Fahrt German · revision 36237

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=8th century, Old High German glosses|origins=ine-pro *per-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /faːrt/, [fa(ː)ʁt], [fa(ː)ɐ̯t]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Fahrt''' ''f'' (genitive Fahrt, plural Fahrten)^(Wiktionary)

+ The original plural ''verte'', with umlaut, was increasingly replaced by ''Fahrten'' from the 15th century.^(DWB2|9, 58) Since Middle High German times the genitive and dative singular have also taken the shorter form without umlaut.^(DWB2|9, 58)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|vart]], [[inh|goh|fart]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*fardi]], [[inh|gem-pro|*fardiz|t=journey]], a noun in ⟨*-ti-⟩ formed from the verb [[fahren]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary)^(Kluge 2011|272) The same word is [[osx|fard]], [[gml|vārt]], [[dum|vaert]], [[ang|fierd]] and [[non|ferð]], and today [[nl|vaart]] and [[sv|färd]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB2|9, 58) Gothic has no such noun.^(DWB|3, 1263)

+

+ The verb is [[gem-pro|*faraną|t=to go, travel]], from [[ine-pro|*per-|t=to pierce, bring across]], whose nearest relative is [[grc|πορεύω|tr=poreúō|t=I carry, bring, (middle) I go across]]; [[la|portō|t=to carry]] also belongs here.^(Kluge 2011|272) Wiktionary gives the pre-Germanic noun as [[ine-pro|*portís]].^(Wiktionary) [[Fährte]] “track of game” arose from inflected forms of the Middle High German noun.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|253)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''fart'' is recorded from the 8th century in glosses, and then in the Tatian of about 830 (''after thero ferti zi Babyloniu'', “after the deportation to Babylon”), the Murbach Hymns, Otfrid and Notker.^(Köbler AHD)^(DWB2|9, 58)^(Schützeichel 2012|97) Its senses ranged widely: “journey, going, course, flight, speed, track, opportunity”.^(EWA|3, 73)^(Schützeichel 2012|97)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The old general sense survives only in compounds: [[Himmelfahrt]] (Old High German), [[Höllenfahrt]] (Middle High German), and, including travel on foot, [[Wallfahrt]], [[Pilgerfahrt]] and ''Kreuzfahrt'' “crusade”.^(Paul 2002) The youth movement around 1900 revived ''Fahrt'' for a hike, with ''Fahrtenlied'' and ''Fahrtenmesser''.^(Paul 2002) In mining a ''Fahrt'' is a ladder.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ Otherwise the word came to be restricted to travel in a vehicle or by ship, as Adelung notes;^(Paul 2002) ''große Fahrt'' was first a seaman's term, in the 19th century.^(Paul 2002) By transfer it means “speed”, as in ''Fahrt machen'' (Adelung) and ''in voller Fahrt'', and regionally “haste, excitement”;^(Paul 2002) ''in Fahrt sein'' “to be worked up” was still a young phrase for Trübner.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 8th century – Old High German ''fart'' appears in glosses.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * c. 830 – The Tatian uses the dative ''ferti''.^(DWB2|9, 58)

+ * 15th century – The plural ''Fahrten'' without umlaut spreads.^(DWB2|9, 58)

+ * 18th century – ''Fährte'' is recorded as a hunting word for tracks of game.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1908 – The preface of the ''Zupfgeigenhansl'' speaks of ''Wanderfahrten'', hikes of the youth movement.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The act of driving or travelling; a [[m|en|drive]] or [[m|en|ride]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The [[m|en|speed]] of a vehicle or ship: ''Fahrt aufnehmen'' “to pick up speed”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # A [[m|en|journey]], trip.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(dated)'' A hike of several days by young people, often with tents.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(mining)'' A [[m|en|ladder]] in a shaft; also a cable hoist.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(shipping)'' A navigation area.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(regional)'' A [[m|en|ferry]] boat.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Fährte]]

+ * [[Himmelfahrt]]

+ * [[Wallfahrt]]

+ * [[Wohlfahrt]]

+ * [[Abfahrt]]

+ * [[Ausfahrt]]

+ * [[Einfahrt]]

+ * [[Raumfahrt]]

+ * [[Luftfahrt]]

+ * [[Kreuzfahrt]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fahren]]

+ * [[Hoffart]]

+ * [[Gefährte]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''In Fahrt kommen'' (colloquial) is to get going, get into a good mood, or to get angry;^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002) ''jemanden in Fahrt bringen'' is to cheer someone up or to make someone angry.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002) A ''Fahrt ins Blaue'' is an outing with an unknown destination.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}