immoderate Latin · revision 36228

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *med-o-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''immoderātē''' (comparative immoderātius, superlative immoderātissimē)^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ It is also spelled ⟨inmoderātē⟩.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|immoderātus|-ē|t1=unrestrained, immoderate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The adjective is [[m|la|in-|t=not]] and [[m|la|moderātus|t=restrained, moderate]], from [[m|la|moderor|t=to control, restrain]], which de Vaan lists among the derivatives of [[m|la|modus|t=measure]];^(de Vaan 2008) that noun goes back to [[itc-pro|*medo-|t=measure, judgement]] and [[ine-pro|*med-o-|t=measure]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xum|meřs|t=law]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) who in ''De natura deorum'' says that the tongue shapes the voice that is poured out without control.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense is without rule or control:^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Cicero uses it of moving at random and without rule, the ''Bellum Africum'' of troops now withdrawing behind the gates and now coming out without plan, and Quintilian of breath let out without control.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ More often it means without restraint, immoderately or intemperately.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero complains of people who abuse his good nature immoderately and ungratefully and writes of living immoderately and intemperately;^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Livy, Valerius Maximus, Seneca and Tacitus use it too,^(OLD 2012) and Suetonius has the comparative of bidding too high at an auction.^(Georges 1913) The ''Historia Augusta'' has the superlative of rejoicing beyond measure.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ British medieval writers used it of behaviour, as Goscelin of mourning so immoderately, and of physical conditions, as Gerald of Wales of the wind.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the voice poured out without control.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of excessive desire.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius uses the comparative of bidding too high.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Without rule or [[m|en|control]], in an unregulated way.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # Without restraint, [[m|en|immoderately]], [[m|en|intemperately]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[immoderātus]]

+ * [[moderātē]]

+ * [[modus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}