summatim Latin · revision 36222

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 180–102 BC, Lucilius|origins=itc-pro *sup(a)mo-}}

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''summātim''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|summa|-ātim|t1=total, main point]],^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) which the OLD derives from [[m|la|summus|t=highest]] with the adverb ending.^(OLD 2012) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of ⟨summus⟩, which goes back to [[itc-pro|*sup(a)mo-|t=highest]]; he weighs a superlative formation, as the Indo-Iranian cognates suggest, against a form without the middle vowel.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[xum|sume|t=upper]], [[sa|उपम|tr=upamá-|t=upmost, highest, closest]] and [[grc|ὕπατος|tr=húpatos|t=highest]].^(de Vaan 2008)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Lucilius,^(de Vaan 2008) who writes that he will try to reply summarily in a few words.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means summarily, keeping only to the main points:^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' contrasts it with ''particulatim'', “point by point”, Cicero writes a letter summarily because the matter needs a longer account, and Varro runs through husbandry briefly and summarily.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Suetonius has ''summatim breviterque componere'' of Tiberius writing a short account of his life.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) From this came superficially: Seneca says an animal understands its own nature dimly and superficially, and Suetonius that Augustus touched on poetry only lightly.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

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+ Columella uses it in a physical sense, of scraping a root at the surface or loosening the soil round a vine.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Ecclesiastical Latin used it for briefly or in general,^(Stelten 1995) and British medieval writers for in outline, on the surface and all at once.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it of replying summarily.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' contrasts it with ''particulatim''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of writing summarily.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of scraping at the surface.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of superficial understanding.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # With attention only to the main points, [[m|en|summarily]], briefly.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Without depth, [[m|en|superficially]].^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # At the [[m|en|surface]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[summa]]

+ * [[summus]]

+ * [[generātim]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}