tolerantia Latin · revision 36210

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la tollō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [tɔ.ɫɛˈran.ti.a]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [to.leˈran.t͡si.a]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tolerantia''' ''f'' (genitive tolerantiae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|tolerāns|-ia|t1=enduring]],^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) formed on the present participle of [[m|la|tolerō|t=to support, endure]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) De Vaan lists that verb among the derivatives of [[m|la|tollō|t=to lift, raise]], which goes back to [[ine-pro|*tl-n(e)-h₂-|t=to carry]]; he reports Nussbaum's explanation of the verb as a present in ⟨-s-⟩ built to the root [[m|ine-pro|*telh₂-]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero,^(Köbler 2010) whose ''Paradoxa Stoicorum'' speak of ''tolerantia rerum humanarum'', the ability to bear the vicissitudes of human life.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means the capacity to bear something, usually with a genitive of what is borne:^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Quintilian has ''tolerantia doloris'', endurance of pain, and ''tolerantia malorum'', endurance of hardships.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Seneca uses it without a genitive for patience,^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016) and Tacitus, in the ''Agricola'', of the forbearance of earlier governors.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Lewis and Short call the word very rare.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ The Vulgate has it in the second letter to the Corinthians,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Ecclesiastical Latin used it for toleration as well as endurance.^(Stelten 1995) British medieval writers used it for undertaking a task, as in Bede, and for enduring pain or hardship.^(DMLBS) German [[m|de|Toleranz]] continues it.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of bearing the vicissitudes of human life.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it absolutely for patience.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it of enduring pain.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it in the ''Agricola''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it in 2 Corinthians.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The ability to bear pain or adversity, [[m|en|endurance]], [[m|en|fortitude]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|patience|alt=Patience]], forbearance.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' [[m|en|toleration|alt=Toleration]], tolerance.^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The undertaking of a task.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tolerō]]

+ * [[tolerāns]]

+ * [[intolerantia]]

+ * [[patientia]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}