vorsehen German · revision 36195

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 790, Old High German glosses|origins=gmw-pro *forēsehwan}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * [ˈfoːɐ̯ˌzeːən], [ˈfoːɐ̯ˌseːn]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vorsehen''' (class 5 strong, third-person singular present sieht vor, past tense sah vor, past participle vorgesehen, past subjunctive sähe vor, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|vorsëhen]], [[inh|goh|forasëhan|t=to foresee]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*forēsehwan]], formed from [[vor-]] and [[sehen]].^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler AHD)^(Paul 2002) The same compound is [[ang|foresēon]], the source of [[en|foresee]], and [[nl|voorzien]]; [[da|forese]] is borrowed from German.^(Wiktionary)^(DWB|26, 1541)

+

+ The verb “to see” is [[goh|sehan]], from [[gem-pro|*sehwaną]], also in [[got|𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍈𐌰𐌽|tr=saiƕan]], [[non|sjá]] and [[ang|sēon]].^(Kluge 2011|839)^(Pfeifer 1993) In meaning, [[sga|rosc|t=eye]], [[sq|shoh|t=to see]] and [[hit|šakuwa|t=eyes]] correspond outside Germanic.^(Kluge 2011|839)^(Pfeifer 1993) Whether the verb is the root [[ine-pro|*sekʷ-|t=to follow]] of [[la|sequor]], as “to follow with the eyes”, is hard to judge.^(Kluge 2011|839)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''forasehan'' “to foresee, consider” is recorded in glosses from about 790, and in the Benedictine Rule and Notker;^(Köbler AHD) ''furisehan'' appears in glosses too.^(Köbler AHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The old sense “to foresee” lasted into Goethe's time, as in his ''auf eine nicht vorzusehende Weise''; theology used it of God predestining.^(Paul 2002) What remains common is “to plan something to be done later”, as in the ''im Testament vorgesehene Nachwahl'' in Prutz, and so a law ''sieht'' a penalty ''vor''.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden GWDS 1999) Middle High German ''vürsehen'' meant “to look forward”, and reflexively “to take precautions”.^(Duden GWDS 1999) From the 17th century ''sich vorsehen'' was increasingly used for “to make provision”, and then “to be careful”.^(Paul 2002) The older language used ''fürsehen'' and ''vorsehen'' side by side.^(DWB|26, 1541) The noun [[Vorsehung]] “providence” dates from Middle High German and, since Early New High German, has been said only of God.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 790 – Old High German ''forasehan'' appears in glosses.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 17th century – ''sich vorsehen'' “to make provision, be careful” spreads.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To look out from behind something; to show, stick out from under something: ''Unter der Jacke sah das Hemd vor''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|plan]] or intend to do something at a certain time: ''Für Freitag ist ein Ausflug ans Meer vorgesehen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To set aside or intend for a purpose or a post: ''Das Geld ist für den neuen Spielplatz vorgesehen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|stipulate]], provide for: ''Der Vertrag sieht eine Kündigungsfrist von drei Monaten vor''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' To be careful, watch out: ''sich vor jemandem vorsehen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(reflexive, dated)'' To supply oneself, make provision.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Vorsehung]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sehen]]

+ * [[versehen]]

+ * [[Vorsicht]]

+ * [[en|foresee]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}