schätzen German · revision 36179

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Middle High German|origins=gem-pro *skattaz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈʃɛtsn̩/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''schätzen''' (third-person singular present schätzt, past tense schätzte, past participle geschätzt, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|schetzen|t=to tax; to assess the value of]], a verb formed from [[m|gmh|schaz|t=money, treasure, tax]] ([[Schatz]]).^(Kluge 2011|796)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007) Middle High German also had [[m|gmh|schatzen]], continuing [[goh|scazzōn|t=to gather treasure]], which developed the sense “to assess a fortune, tax”.^(Duden 7 2007)^(Lexer 1872|2, 673) Adelung held that the verb does not come directly from the noun but is a collateral relative of it.^(Adelung 1793|3, 1375)

+

+ The noun is [[goh|scaz|t=coin, money, wealth]], from [[gem-pro|*skattaz|t=property, cattle]], also in [[got|𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍄𐍃|tr=skatts|t=coin, money]], [[non|skattr|t=tribute, wealth]], [[ang|sceatt]] and [[ofs|sket|t=money, cattle]].^(Kluge 2011|796)^(Kroonen 2013) Its origin is unclear, and Kluge does not exclude a loan from an unknown language.^(Kluge 2011|796)^(Pfeifer 1993) Pfeifer takes “cattle” as the oldest sense, as with [[la|pecū|t=cattle]] beside [[m|la|pecūnia|t=money]], and [[cu|скотъ|tr=skotŭ|t=cattle]] is probably a loan from Germanic.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Middle High German ''schetzen'' meant “to take money from, tax, impose a ransom on” and also “to value by worth or number”, “to consider, believe”.^(Lexer 1872|2, 673)^(Köbler MHD)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of the two Middle High German senses, “to assess a value” and “to tax”, ''schätzen'' kept only the first, while taxing went to ''schatzen'', now only in [[brandschatzen]].^(Duden 7 2007) From “to assess” came “to judge” (''gering schätzen'') and “to suppose”, and especially “to hold in high esteem”.^(Duden 7 2007)^(Pfeifer 1993) Luther's Bible still uses it for a census, ''dass alle Welt geschätzt würde'' (Luke 2:1), and for “consider, regard” (2 Corinthians 10:2), a use Adelung already found obsolete.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Adelung 1793|3, 1375) [[Schätzung]] continues Middle High German ''schetzunge'' “taxation”, and ''schätzbar'' and ''unschätzbar'' appear in the 17th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)

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+ Hungarian borrowed it as [[m|hu|saccol|t=to estimate; to think]] (1835), and Czech [[m|cs|šacovat]] means “to extort a ransom”.^(LWP)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * Middle High German – ''schetzen'' “to tax; to value”.^(Lexer 1872|2, 673)

+ * 16th century – ''unschätzbar'' “very precious”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 17th century – ''schätzbar'' and ''unschätzbar'' “not appraisable”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1793 – Adelung calls the sense “consider, regard” obsolete.^(Adelung 1793|3, 1375)

+ * 1835 – Hungarian ''saccol'' is first recorded.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|estimate]] approximately, without exact measurement: ''Ich schätze die Entfernung auf zwei Kilometer.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|appraise]], value: ''ein Haus schätzen lassen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' To suppose, [[m|en|reckon]]: ''Ich schätze, sie kommt morgen.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To think highly of someone; to value something, [[m|en|appreciate]] it: ''Sie schätzt seine Offenheit.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abschätzen]]

+ * [[einschätzen]]

+ * [[überschätzen]]

+ * [[unterschätzen]]

+ * [[verschätzen]]

+ * [[geringschätzen]]

+ * [[wertschätzen]]

+ * [[Schätzung]]

+ * [[Schätzwert]]

+ * [[unschätzbar]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Schatz]]

+ * [[brandschatzen]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Sich glücklich schätzen'' is “to consider oneself lucky”, and ''etwas zu schätzen wissen'' “to appreciate something”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}