ersetzen German · revision 36176

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=8th century, Old High German glosses|origins=ine-pro *sed-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ʔɛɐ̯ˈzɛtsn̩/, /ʔɛɐ̯ˈzɛtsən/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ersetzen''' (third-person singular present ersetzt, past tense ersetzte, past participle ersetzt, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|ersetzen]], [[inh|goh|irsezzen|t=to restore, replace]], with the prefix [[m|goh|ir-]] ([[er-]]) and [[setzen]].^(Wiktionary)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler AHD) Corresponding prefixed verbs are [[got|𐌿𐍃𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=ussatjan|t=to plant]] and [[ang|āsettan]].^(DWB|3, 982)^(DWB2|8, 2166) The base [[m|goh|sezzen]] is [[gem-pro|*satjaną|t=to set]], the causative of “to sit” ([[sitzen]]), also in [[m|got|𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=satjan]], [[non|setja]] and [[ang|settan]];^(Kluge 2011|846)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013) it continues [[ine-pro|*sodéyeti]], from [[ine-pro|*sed-|t=to sit]], with the same causative in [[cu|садити|tr=saditi|t=to set, plant]].^(Wiktionary)^(Kroonen 2013)^(Kluge 2011|846)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''irsezzen'' glosses Latin ''rependere'' in the 8th century, and about 830 the Tatian uses it for the healing of the withered hand: ''inti arsezit uuard heili sín hánt'' “and his hand was restored to health”.^(DWB2|8, 2166)^(Schützeichel 2012|279) It also meant “to set up, prepare” a drink.^(Köbler AHD)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle High German ''ersetzen'' meant “to fill a gap, put in (a new plant), patch (a garment), season”, and also “to make good a loss”, a legal sense already established then.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|3, 982) From filling a gap came “to put in the place of”, the main modern sense.^(DWB|3, 982)^(Paul 2002) The noun [[Ersatz]] (Middle High German ''ersaz'') first meant “penalty” (Swiss, 1456) and only from the middle of the 18th century “what serves as a replacement”.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 8th century – ''irsazta'' in an Old High German gloss.^(DWB2|8, 2166)

+ * c. 830 – ''arsezit'' “restored” in the Tatian.^(DWB2|8, 2166)

+ * c. 1185 – Hartmann's ''Erec'' uses ''ersetzet'' “made good”.^(DWB2|8, 2166)

+ * 1456 – ''Ersatz'' “penalty” in a Swiss record.^(Paul 2002)

+ * Mid-18th century – ''Ersatz'' “replacement”.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|replace]], put someone or something in the place of another: ''die alten Fenster durch neue ersetzen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To take the place of, serve as a [[m|en|substitute]] for: ''Die Großmutter ersetzt ihm die Eltern.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # To [[m|en|reimburse]], make good a damage or expense: ''jemandem die Reisekosten ersetzen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Ersatz]]

+ * [[Ersetzung]]

+ * [[ersetzbar]]

+ * [[unersetzlich]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[setzen]]

+ * [[sitzen]]

+ * [[Satz]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}