Heimat German · revision 36158

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=11th century, Old High German glosses and Notker|origins=gem-pro *haimaz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈhaɪ̯ma(ː)t/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Heimat''' ''f'' (genitive Heimat, plural Heimaten)^(Wiktionary)

+ The neuter gender was in use until the 17th century and survives only in dialects.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ Middle High German ''heimuote'' was a reinterpretation by association with ''muot'' “mind”;^(DWB|10, 864)^(FWB) Early New High German also had ''heimet'', ''heimut'' and, with a nasal, ''heimant''.^(DWB|10, 864)^(FWB)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|heimuote]] (also [[m|gmh|heimōte]]), [[inh|goh|heimōti]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*haimōdī|t=homeland]], a word found only in German.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary)^(Duden 7 2014|376) It is usually explained as a derivation [[af|de|Heim|-ōti]] with the suffix that also forms [[Armut]], [[Einöde]] and [[Kleinod]], giving a meaning of roughly “ancestral seat”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014|376)^(Duden GWDS 1999) Kluge calls the second element unclear, because the parallel [[goh|heimōdil]] and [[got|𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍉𐌸𐌻𐌹|tr=haimōþli|t=fields, home estate]] look as if they belonged to [[gem-pro|*ōþala-|t=inherited property]] (see [[Adel]]), but their middle vowel does not fit.^(Kluge 2011|405)

+

+ The base [[Heim]], [[goh|heima]], [[gem-pro|*haimaz]], is also in [[got|𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃|tr=haims|t=village]] and [[ang|hām]], from the Indo-European root of [[lt|kiẽmas|t=farmstead, village]].^(Kluge 2011|405) The modern ending, with its vowel changed as in [[Monat]], is found from the 15th century and prevailed in the 16th.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|10, 864)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''heimōti'' “homeland, native land” is first found in glosses of the late 10th or early 11th century and in Notker.^(Köbler AHD)^(Kluge 2011|405) Middle High German ''heimuote'' meant home, the place where one lives, and the dwelling house, from the ''Trudperter Hohelied'' (before 1150) on.^(Köbler MHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Early New High German the word meant the place of residence or the seat of a family, then the land where one was born and grew up, and, in religious texts, the place of rest, usually heaven.^(FWB) An Augsburg glossary of the 15th century has ''haymat'' for Latin ''patria'', Luther used ''Heimat'', and Maaler (1561) has ''heimat'' and ''heimandt''.^(DWB|10, 864)

+

+ In the period of small German states it could mean much the same as [[Vaterland]], and in the 19th and 20th centuries it became an emotionally and ideologically charged word; in wartime it was the opposite of the [[Front]].^(Paul 2002) After 1945 the refugees and expellees from the east gave currency to phrases such as ''alte Heimat'', ''verlorene Heimat'' and to ''heimatvertrieben'', which Duden first listed in 1961.^(Paul 2002) Around 1896 ''Heimatkunst'' became a slogan against the literature of the big city.^(Paul 2002) The word has been borrowed into Silesian and Slovincian.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 10th or early 11th century – Old High German ''heimōti'' in glosses.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * Before 1150 – Middle High German ''heimuote'' in the ''Trudperter Hohelied''.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 15th century – The form ''heimat'' appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|10, 864)

+ * 16th century – ''Heimat'' becomes the usual form.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 18th century – First record of the adjective ''heimatlich''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * c. 1896 – ''Heimatkunst'' becomes a literary slogan.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|home]], [[m|en|homeland]]: the country, region or place where one was born or grew up, or where one feels at home: ''Hamburg ist ihre zweite Heimat geworden.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The place of origin of an animal, plant, product or technique: ''Die Heimat der Kartoffel ist Südamerika.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[heimatlich]]

+ * [[heimatlos]]

+ * [[Heimatland]]

+ * [[Heimatkunde]]

+ * [[heimatvertrieben]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[heim]]

+ * [[Heim]]

+ * [[heimisch]]

+ * [[en|home]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}