Verwaltung German · revision 36157

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=15th century|origins=ine-pro *h₂welh₁-}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /fɛʁˈvaltʊŋ/, [fɛɐ̯ˈvaltʰʊŋ]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Verwaltung''' ''f'' (genitive Verwaltung, plural Verwaltungen)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a derivation [[af|de|verwalten|-ung]], recorded since the 15th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary)^(DWB|25, 2105)^(WGd) The verb, [[gmh|verwalten]] “to have in one's power, take care of”, is a prefix derivation of [[walten]], [[gmh|walten]], [[goh|waltan]], [[gem-pro|*waldaną|t=to rule]], an originally reduplicating strong verb also found in [[got|𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽|tr=waldan]], [[non|valda]] and [[ang|wealdan]].^(Kluge 2011|970)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013)

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+ Kluge and Pfeifer take the verb as a dental present of a root meaning “to be strong, rule”, the root that without the extension is in [[la|valeō|t=to be strong]] and [[txb|walo|t=king]].^(Kluge 2011|970)^(Pfeifer 1993) The same extended form is in [[lt|valdýti|t=to rule]] and [[cu|власти|tr=vlasti|t=to rule]], but these may be borrowings from Germanic.^(Kluge 2011|970)^(Kroonen 2013) Kroonen reconstructs the root as [[ine-pro|*h₂welh₁-]] and thinks the dental suffix was added within Germanic.^(Kroonen 2013)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In its first records, from the 15th century, ''Verwaltung'' meant the office or task of administering, the lawful power entrusted to someone, often over other people's affairs such as estates, property or a guardianship.^(WGd)^(DWB|25, 2105) The earliest quotation in Wortgeschichte digital is from the Württemberg ''Landesordnung'' printed in Tübingen in 1552.^(WGd)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Sixteenth-century dictionaries (Alberus 1540, Frisius, Maaler) render it with Latin ''administratio'', ''curatio'', ''procuratio'' and ''gubernatio''.^(DWB|25, 2105) Older writers also used it for the function of an organ of the body or the duty of an office in general.^(DWB|25, 2105)

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+ With the growth of bureaucracy from the 18th century the word came to be associated above all with the state and its authorities, and in the 19th century it acquired the concrete sense of the administering body or office itself.^(WGd)^(Pfeifer 1993) Compounds such as ''Selbstverwaltung'', ''Verwaltungsstaat'' and ''Verwaltungsapparat'' reflect this.^(WGd)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 8th century – Old High German ''waltan'' “to rule” is first recorded.^(Kluge 2011|970)

+ * 15th century – First record of ''Verwaltung''.^(DWB|25, 2105)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1552 – The Württemberg ''Landesordnung'' uses the word.^(WGd)

+ * 19th century – ''Verwaltung'' comes to mean the administering authority.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|administration]], [[m|en|management]]: the act of administering something: ''Die Stiftung steht unter städtischer Verwaltung.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The administrative office or department of a firm or institution, and the rooms or building that house it: ''Er arbeitet in der Verwaltung des Krankenhauses.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # The public administration as a whole: ''die öffentliche Verwaltung''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Selbstverwaltung]]

+ * [[Stadtverwaltung]]

+ * [[Verwaltungsapparat]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[verwalten]]

+ * [[Verwalter]]

+ * [[walten]]

+ * [[Gewalt]]

+ * [[Anwalt]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}