schauen German · revision 36156

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=8th century, Old High German glosses|origins=ine-pro *(s)kewh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈʃaʊ̯ən/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''schauen''' (third-person singular present schaut, past tense schaute, past participle geschaut, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|schouwen]], [[inh|goh|scouwōn]], [[inh|gem-pro|*skawwōną|t=to look]].^(Kluge 2011|797)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler AHD) The same West Germanic verb is [[osx|skawon]], [[ofs|skāwia]] and [[ang|scēawian]], the source of the English verb [[m|en|show]], whose meaning changed to “to make seen”.^(Kluge 2011|797)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|14, 2310) Ablaut forms with a Norse development are [[non|skygn|t=sharp-sighted]] and [[m|non|skygna|t=to spy]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014|729)

+

+ Outside Germanic, Kluge and Pfeifer compare [[grc|θυοσκόος|tr=thuoskóos|t=sacrificial seer]], and without the initial /s/, [[m|grc|κοέω|tr=koéō|t=I perceive]] and [[la|caveō|t=to beware]].^(Kluge 2011|797)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) The root is an s-variant of [[ine-pro|*(s)kewh₁-|t=to heed, look]], which is also behind [[hören]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary)^(Duden 7 2014|729) The adjective [[schön]], originally “worth seeing”, belongs to the same root.^(Duden 7 2014|729)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''scouwōn'' is first recorded in glosses of about 765, and then in the Tatian, Otfrid, Notker and Williram; it meant to see, look at, behold and consider, also to search out and to take heed, and reflexively with the genitive, to be on one's guard.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|292)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Duden notes that ''schauen'', unlike [[sehen]], usually means deliberate looking and watching, and that in elevated style it also means inner, spiritual seeing.^(Duden 7 2014|729) Luther wrote ''schawet die Lilien auff dem felde'' (Matthew 6:28) and used the verb for beholding God.^(Paul 2002) Mystical prose of the Middle Ages made the verbal noun ''schouwen'' a word for contemplation, and ''beschaulich leben'' rendered the Latin ''vita contemplativa''.^(Köbler MHD)^(Duden 7 2014|729)

+

+ Adelung already called it a word at home in Upper German.^(Adelung 1793|3, 1380) It is now chiefly southern German, Austrian and Swiss in everyday use, where the north says ''gucken'' or ''sehen'', and otherwise belongs to elevated language.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden GWDS 1999) Bavarian and Austrian dialects have had the form ''schaugen'' since the 16th century.^(DWB|14, 2310) The noun [[Schau]] came under the influence of English [[m|en|show]] in the 20th century, as in ''Modenschau''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 765 – Old High German ''scouwōn'' in glosses.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 1060–1065 – Middle High German ''schouwen'' in Williram's commentary on the Song of Songs.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * Late 15th century – ''Schauspiel'' is first recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 16th century – ''zuschauen'' and ''Zuschauer'' appear.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1534 – Luther's Bible: ''schawet die Lilien auff dem felde''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 19th century – ''Schaufenster'' “shop window” is formed.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(chiefly southern Germany, Austria, Switzerland)'' To [[m|en|look]], to direct one's eyes somewhere: ''Sie schaute aus dem Fenster.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(chiefly southern Germany, Austria, Switzerland)'' To look in a certain way, to have a certain expression: ''Er schaute ganz verdutzt.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(elevated)'' To perceive with the mind's eye, to [[m|en|behold]] intuitively.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(southern Germany, Austria)'' To [[m|en|watch]] or look at, as a film or television: ''Wir haben gestern einen Krimi geschaut.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(southern Germany, Austria, Switzerland)'' To look after, take care of: ''nach den Kindern schauen''; also to see to it that something happens.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Schauer]]

+ * [[anschauen]]

+ * [[zuschauen]]

+ * [[Beschauer]]

+ * [[beschaulich]]

+ * [[abschauen]]

+ * [[aufschauen]]

+ * [[ausschauen]]

+ * [[durchschauen]]

+ * [[herausschauen]]

+ * [[hinschauen]]

+ * [[Schauspiel]]

+ * [[Schaufenster]]

+ * [[Zuschauer]]

+ * [[beschauen]]

+ * [[Anschauung]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Schau]]

+ * [[schön]]

+ * [[hören]]

+ * [[en|show]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Schau, schau!'' expresses surprise.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002) ''Jemandem ähnlich schauen'' is to look like someone, and colloquially ''das schaut ihm ähnlich'' means that is typical of him.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}