Gewinn German · revision 36153

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 765, Old High German glosses|origins=ine-pro *wenh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ɡəˈvɪn/, /ɡɛˈvɪn/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Gewinn''' ''m'' (genitive Gewinnes or Gewinns, plural Gewinne)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|gewin]], [[inh|goh|giwin]], a noun of action to the verb [[gewinnen]], [[goh|giwinnan]].^(EWA|4, 449)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) The verb is a prefix derivation of the old verb [[gmh|winnen]], [[goh|winnan]] “to toil, struggle, rage”, [[gem-pro|*winnaną]], also found in [[got|𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽|tr=winnan|t=to suffer]], [[non|vinna|t=to work, achieve]] and [[ang|winnan]], whence [[en|win]];^(Kluge 2011|357)^(Pfeifer 1993) the prefixed verb therefore meant “to reach by effort”.^(Kluge 2011|357)^(Pfeifer 1993) Only in West Germanic does the prefixed verb mean “to acquire”: [[got|𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽|tr=gawinnan]] means “to suffer”.^(Kluge 2011|357)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ Kluge and Pfeifer connect it with [[sa|वनोति|tr=vanóti|t=desires, wins]] and [[la|venus|t=charm, love]], from a root [[ine-pro|*wenh₁-|t=to strive for, desire]], to which [[Wonne]], [[Wunsch]], [[wohnen]] and [[Wahn]] also belong.^(Kluge 2011|357)^(Pfeifer 1993) Trier argued, with weighty reasons according to Kluge, that the original sense was “to pluck” bunches of leaves.^(Kluge 2011|357)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''giwin'' appears in glosses from about 765, in the Monsee fragments and in Notker, rendering Latin ''lucrum'', ''quaestus'', ''emolumentum'' and ''commodum'': the acquisition, gain, profit or advantage of something.^(Köbler AHD)^(EWA|4, 449) A neuter ''giwin'' of the 9th century meant instead “toil, struggle”, from the simple verb.^(EWA|4, 449)^(Köbler AHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Middle High German ''gewin'', from the ''Kaiserchronik'' (about 1150) on, covered acquisition, income, interest, victory, success, reward, booty and profit.^(Köbler MHD) Adelung distinguished the act of winning, as in ''der Gewinn der Schlacht'', from what is gained, and in trade the surplus left after all costs.^(Adelung 1793|2, 662)

+

+ The noun ''Gewinnler'' “profiteer” dates from the 16th century and survives in ''Kriegsgewinnler'' (20th century).^(Pfeifer 1993) Slovene borrowed the word as ''gvinj''.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 765 – Old High German ''giwin'' in glosses.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * c. 1150 – Middle High German ''gewin'' in the ''Kaiserchronik''.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 16th century – ''Gewinnler'' is formed.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 20th century – ''Kriegsgewinnler'' “war profiteer” appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|profit]], [[m|en|gain]]: the material benefit of a business, the surplus over costs: ''Die Firma hat im letzten Jahr kaum Gewinn gemacht.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # [[m|en|winnings]], a prize in a game or lottery; also a winning ticket: ''Jedes fünfte Los ist ein Gewinn.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Benefit or enrichment gained from an activity: ''Ich habe das Buch mit großem Gewinn gelesen.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # The act of winning: ''der Gewinn der Meisterschaft''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Gewinnmaximierung]]

+ * [[Gewinnspanne]]

+ * [[gewinnsüchtig]]

+ * [[Hauptgewinn]]

+ * [[Zeitgewinn]]

+ * [[Kriegsgewinnler]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Gewinner]]

+ * [[gewinnen]]

+ * [[Wonne]]

+ * [[Wunsch]]

+ * [[en|win]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}