Ausland German · revision 36145

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=1768, Klopstock}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈaʊ̯slant/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Ausland''' ''n'' (genitive Auslandes or Auslands, no plural)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a back-formation from [[Ausländer]] and [[ausländisch]], introduced in the second half of the 18th century, perhaps as a revival of an older word with a widened sense.^(DWB2|3, 1174)^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) By its parts it is [[aus]] and [[Land]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ That older word was the late medieval [[gmh|ûzlant|t=outlying land]], with [[gml|ûtlant]] and [[dum|ûtelant]] beside [[ang|ūtland|t=foreign land]] and the plural [[non|útlǫnd|t=foreign lands]]; it is recorded until the 15th century and then disappears.^(DWB2|3, 1174) Old Saxon already had the adverbial genitive [[osx|ūtlendes|t=abroad]] in the 10th century.^(DWB2|3, 1174) Otfrid's [[goh|ūzlenti|t=shore]] is another formation.^(DWB|1, 900)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The older word meant land outside the bounds of a parish or dike: a document of 1300 from Zürich lists vineyards ''mit allem dem uzlende, es sin wisen oder aker'' (“with all the outlying land, whether meadows or fields”).^(DWB2|3, 1174) The modern sense “foreign country” first became current with Klopstock in 1768.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Ausländer'' (1235, “outsider”) and ''ausländisch'' (14th century) are much older than the noun they produced.^(Paul 2002) Luther and the early dictionaries still have no ''Ausland'' for “foreign parts”, and Adelung in 1793 noted that it was usual in Upper and Low German but strange in High German, although the language needed it.^(DWB|1, 900)^(Adelung 1793) Its counterpart [[Inland]] is younger still: Schubart wrote ''Des Auslands Schreck, des Inlands Stolz'' (“terror of foreign lands, pride of the homeland”) in 1786.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ The old local sense lived on: in the North German marshes ''Ausland'' was land exempt from the work on the sluices, paying money instead, and ''Uthland'' is still the name of the islands and Halligen of North Frisia, latinised as ''Utlandia'' from 1187.^(DWB2|3, 1174)^(DWB|1, 900)^(Adelung 1793) Plural forms of the modern word are found only until the 18th century.^(DWB2|3, 1174)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 10th century – Old Saxon ''ūtlendes'' “abroad”.^(DWB2|3, 1174)

+ * 1187 – ''Utlandia'' names the North Frisian islands.^(DWB2|3, 1174)

+ * 1235 – ''Ausländer'' in the sense “outsider”.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1300 – ''Uzlende'' “outlying land” in a Zürich document.^(DWB2|3, 1174)

+ * 1768 – Klopstock uses ''Ausland'' in its modern sense.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1786 – Schubart sets ''Ausland'' against ''Inland''.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|foreign|alt=Foreign]] countries, the territory outside one's own state; [[m|en|abroad]]: ''im Ausland arbeiten'', ''ins Ausland ziehen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # Foreign countries as a whole, their governments or peoples: ''Kritik aus dem Ausland''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Inland]]

+ * [[Ausländer]]

+ * [[ausländisch]]

+ * [[Land]]

+ * [[en|outland]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}