Tisch German · revision 36144

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=late 8th century, Old High German glosses|origins=grc δίσκος}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /tɪʃ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Tisch''' ''m'' (genitive Tisches or Tischs, plural Tische, diminutive Tischchen n or Tischlein n or Tischerl n)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|tisch]], [[inh|goh|tisc]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*disk|t=dish]], an early [[bor|la|discus|t=discus; flat dish, platter]], itself [[bor|grc|δίσκος|tr=dískos|t=discus, disc, plate]].^(Kluge 2011|918)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020)^(Wiktionary) The same loan is [[ang|disc|t=dish, plate]], [[osx|disk]] and [[dum|disc]], the source of English [[m|en|dish]].^(Kluge 2011|918)^(Pfeifer 1993) Kluge counts [[non|diskr|t=plate, serving dish]] among the borrowings from Latin, while Pfeifer and Duden 7 take it from Old English or Old Saxon.^(Kluge 2011|918)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020) The Greek noun is formed with the suffix ⟨-sk-⟩ from [[m|grc|δικεῖν|tr=dikeîn|t=to throw]], so it was first the thrown disc.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020)

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+ The initial /t/ is the regular High German shift of /d/;^(DWB|21, 505)^(Schützeichel 2012|331) Old High German also has the unshifted spelling ⟨disc⟩.^(DWB|21, 505)^(Schützeichel 2012|331) The change of sense from “dish” to “table” is explained by the furniture of the time: each diner was given a small wooden board on a stand, which served at once as table and dish, as Tacitus reports of the Germans.^(Kluge 2011|918)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) Romance shows the same development: [[it|desco|t=dining table]] beside [[m|it|disco|t=disc]], both from the Latin noun.^(Duden 7 2020)^(DWB|21, 505)

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+ The older Germanic words for the table were [[got|𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌸𐍃|tr=biuþs]], [[ang|bēod]] and [[goh|piot]], from the verb “to offer”, and [[got|𐌼𐌴𐍃|tr=mēs]], [[goh|mias]], taken from [[la|mēnsa]].^(DWB|21, 505)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''tisc'' is first recorded in glosses at the end of the 8th century, and then in Tatian, Otfrid, Notker and Williram.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|331)^(Pfeifer 1993) It meant “table” and “dish”, and also a tripod.^(Schützeichel 2012|331)^(Köbler AHD) Middle High German ''tisch'' meant the dining table and, figuratively, the meal, and also a trader's table.^(Köbler MHD)^(Lexer 1872|2, 1441)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ At first, like [[Tafel]], the word meant only the top; once it was fixed to its frame, the whole piece of furniture was meant, above all the dining table.^(Paul 2002) Many phrases come from meals: ''den Tisch decken'', ''zu Tisch gehen'' (today also “to take one's lunch break”), ''bei Tisch''; until the 19th century ''Tisch'' could mean the meal itself (''einen guten Tisch führen'' “to keep a good table”), as it still does in [[Mittagstisch]].^(Paul 2002) ''Tisch des Herrn'' was the Lord's Supper.^(Paul 2002)

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+ ''Tisch und Bett'' stood for marriage, an old legal formula for its household and sexual community: ''so werden sie zu tisch und bett geschieden'' (1572, “so they are separated from table and bed”).^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2020) By another medieval legal custom, cutting the tablecloth in two meant breaking with someone.^(Paul 2002) The craftsman was first named [[Tischler]] in 1462, beside the older ''Tischer'' (1408); it is the northern and eastern word, ''Schreiner'' the western and southern one.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993) The verb ''tischen'' “to dine, to serve” (16th century) has given way to [[auftischen]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 8th century – Old High German ''tisc'' appears in glosses.^(Köbler AHD)^(Kluge 2011|918)

+ * c. 1150–1170 – Middle High German ''tisch'' in the ''Alexander'' of Lamprecht.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 1408 – ''Tischer'' “joiner” is recorded.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1462 – ''Tischler'' is recorded.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 16th century – The verb ''tischen'' “to dine, to serve food”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1572 – Separation ''zu Tisch und Bett''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 17th century – ''Auftischen'' “to serve up”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|table]]: a piece of furniture with a flat top resting on legs or a stand, at which one eats or works or on which things are put.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The dining table and the [[m|en|meal]] taken at it: ''zu Tisch gehen'', ''bei Tisch sitzen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The people sitting round a table, a table [[m|en|company]].^(Wiktionary DE)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Tischler]]

+ * [[auftischen]]

+ * [[Nachtisch]]

+ * [[Mittagstisch]]

+ * [[Schreibtisch]]

+ * [[Tischtuch]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Diskus]]

+ * [[Diskette]]

+ * [[en|dish]]

+ * [[en|disk]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Reinen Tisch machen'' (colloquial) is to clear things up, probably after a desk left empty at the end of the day.^(Duden GWDS 1999) A ''runder Tisch'' is a group of partners meeting as equals.^(Duden GWDS 1999) ''Am grünen Tisch'' means planning without practical knowledge: negotiating tables were once covered with green cloth or leather.^(Duden 7 2020) ''Von Tisch und Bett getrennt'' is said of a married couple living apart.^(Duden 7 2020) Wahrig explains ''etwas unter den Tisch fallen lassen'' (to ignore something) from the old custom of dropping inedible scraps under the table for the dogs and cats.^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}