Student German · revision 36142

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1340, Hermann von Fritzlar|origins=la studeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ʃtuˈdɛnt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Student''' ''m'' (genitive Studenten, plural Studenten, feminine Studentin)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|studente]], [[bor|la-med|studēns|t=student]] (taken in an inflected form), the present participle of [[la|studeō|t=to be eager for, strive after; to study]] used as a noun.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DFWB)^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) The noun took shape in the school language of Medieval Latin, probably in the phrase [[m|la-med|frātrēs studentēs]], the younger Dominican and Franciscan friars who devoted themselves to learning.^(DWB|20, 259)^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993) The same Latin word gave [[dum|student]] and [[enm|student]].^(DWB|20, 259) The verb [[studieren]] was taken separately from the Latin verb, in the 13th century.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first records, from the 14th century, mean pupils studying theology at the higher schools of the religious orders.^(Paul 2002)^(DFWB)^(DWB|20, 259) Hermann von Fritzlar (about 1340) writes of masters who came ''mit iren studenten'' “with their students”, and the Grimms date the Middle High German word to the 13th century.^(DFWB)^(DWB|20, 259) Heinrich Seuse also used ''studente'' “pupil, student”.^(Köbler MHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Already in 1365 a document speaks of the ''Maister vnd Studenten der Hochen Schul zu Wien'', the masters and students of the University of Vienna.^(DFWB) From the 15th century on, the usual sense was a member of a university.^(Paul 2002) Early New High German used the word also for older pupils at Latin schools and for wandering scholars, often shown as poor learners and free in their morals.^(FWB) At the end of the 17th century ''Student'' competed with [[Bursche]] as the students' own name, and Campe proposed ''Hochschüler'' instead.^(Paul 2002) The feminine [[Studentin]] was taken up by Gerhart Hauptmann in 1891, and ''Studierende'' (1893) groups men and women together.^(Paul 2002) [[Studentenfutter]], a mixture of nuts and raisins, is recorded by Stieler in 1691.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ In Austria, and formerly elsewhere in the south, a ''Student'' is also a pupil of a secondary school.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)^(Paul 2002) The word was borrowed into Polish as ''student'' and into Slovene as ''študent''.^(Wiktionary)^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1340 – Hermann von Fritzlar uses ''studente''.^(DFWB)^(DWB|20, 259)

+ * 1365 – ''Studenten'' of the University of Vienna.^(DFWB)

+ * 15th century – The usual sense becomes “member of a university”.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1691 – Stieler records ''Studentenfutter''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1891 – Gerhart Hauptmann uses ''Studentin''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1893 – ''Studierende'' is recorded.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|student]]: a person studying at a university or college: ''Mein Bruder ist Student der Chemie.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Austria, otherwise dated)'' A [[m|en|pupil]] at a secondary school.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Studentin]]

+ * [[studentisch]]

+ * [[Studentenfutter]]

+ * [[Werkstudent]]

+ * [[Studentenschaft]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[studieren]]

+ * [[Studium]]

+ * [[Studie]]

+ * [[Studio]]

+ * [[Studiosus]]

+ * [[en|student]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Ein ewiger Student'' (colloquial) is someone who has studied for many terms without taking a degree.^(Duden GWDS 1999) The abbreviation ''stud.'' (''stud. med.'', ''stud. phil.'') stands for Latin ''studiosus''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}