sammeln German · revision 36134

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 8th century, Old High German Isidor|origins=ine-pro *sem-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈzaml̩n/, /ˈzaməln/, /ˈsɑml̩n/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Austria: /ˈsɑmɛln/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sammeln''' (third-person singular present sammelt, past tense sammelte, past participle gesammelt, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|samelen]], a late Middle High German form that arose by dissimilation of /n/ to /l/ from the older [[m|gmh|samenen]], [[inh|goh|samanōn|t=to gather, unite]], [[inh|gem-pro|*samnōną|t=to bring together]].^(Kluge 2011|785)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|713)^(Wiktionary) [[gml|sāmelen]] and [[nl|zamelen]] went through the same change.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|713) The older verb is also [[osx|samnon]], [[ang|samnian]] and [[non|samna]].^(Kluge 2011|785)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ It is a factitive verb “to make together” from the adverb [[gem-pro|*samana|t=together]], seen in [[got|𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰|tr=samana]], [[m|non|saman]] and [[m|goh|saman]], which survives in [[zusammen]].^(Kluge 2011|785)^(Pfeifer 1993) The adverb belongs with the pronoun [[got|𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰|tr=sama|t=same]] and [[m|goh|samo|t=the same]], and the family goes back to [[ine-pro|*sem-|t=one; together]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|713)^(Köbler AHD)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''samanōn'' is first found in the Isidor translation at the end of the 8th century, then in Tatian, Otfrid and Notker, meaning “to gather, assemble, unite, heap up”, also “to add up” and “to bring in a harvest”.^(Köbler AHD)^(Schützeichel 2012|271) Kluge dates the verb to the 9th century and the noun ''Sammlung'' (Old High German ''samanunga'') to the 8th.^(Kluge 2011|785)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The dissimilated form ''samelen'' appears late in Middle High German, in 14th-century chronicles, beside the usual ''samenen'';^(Kluge 2011|785)^(DWB|14, 1741) Kluge dates it to the 14th century, and by Maaler (1561) only ''samlen'' was left.^(Kluge 2011|785)^(DWB|14, 1741) In Luther's Bible the verb is used of gathering stones, weeds and wheat, and of gathering people, where later German prefers [[versammeln]].^(DWB|14, 1741)^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ Collecting things for their value or rarity is recorded by Adelung in 1777 (''seltene Bücher sammeln''), and the participle ''gesammelt'' became usual in the titles of collected works.^(Paul 2002) ''Geld sammeln'' was at first a polite word for begging.^(Paul 2002) With abstract objects it means to gather strength or knowledge, and reflexive ''sich sammeln'' came to mean “to compose oneself, concentrate”; the noun [[Sammler]] “collector” dates from the 16th century.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 8th century – Old High German ''samanōn'' in the Isidor translation.^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 8th century – Old High German ''samanunga'' “collection, assembly”.^(Kluge 2011|785)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 14th century – The dissimilated form ''samelen'' appears.^(Kluge 2011|785)^(DWB|14, 1741)

+ * 16th century – First record of ''Sammler''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1777 – Adelung records ''seltene Bücher sammeln'', collecting as a pursuit.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|gather]] things one finds into a larger amount, to use them: berries, mushrooms, firewood; figuratively, material or experience.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|collect]] things one is interested in and keep them: stamps, coins, paintings;^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE) ''gesammelte Werke'', collected works.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # To collect money, signatures or goods from many people; intransitively, to take up a [[m|en|collection]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To bring people together in one place; reflexive ''sich sammeln'', to [[m|en|assemble]], or of water, light and the like, to collect, accumulate.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' To compose oneself, to [[m|en|concentrate]]: ''sich vor der Prüfung sammeln''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Sammler]]

+ * [[Sammlung]]

+ * [[ansammeln]]

+ * [[einsammeln]]

+ * [[versammeln]]

+ * [[Versammlung]]

+ * [[Sammelsurium]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[zusammen]]

+ * [[gesamt]]

+ * [[samt]]

+ * [[-sam]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}