Musiker German · revision 36133

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 1800|origins=grc μοῦσα}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈmuːzikər/, [ˈmuː.zi.kɐ], [-zɪ-]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Also, regional: /ˈmʊzikər/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Musiker''' ''m'' (genitive Musikers, plural Musiker, feminine Musikerin)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|de|Musik|-er]] around 1800.^(Duden 7 2020|571)^(Wiktionary DE)^(Wiktionary) It was modelled on the older [[Musikus]], which it displaced as the usual word.^(Wiktionary)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ The base noun was borrowed into Old High German in the 9th century as [[m|goh|musica]], from [[la|mūsica|t=(art) of music]], which is [[grc|μουσική|tr=mousikḗ|t=(art) of the Muses]], from [[grc|μοῦσα|tr=moûsa|t=Muse]].^(Kluge 2011|642)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|571) The modern stress on the last syllable and the spelling with ⟨k⟩ came in the 17th century under the influence of French [[m|fr|musique]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|642)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Grimms' dictionary calls ''Musiker'' newer than ''Musikant'' and ''Musikus'' and gives it a nobler tone, quoting Goethe and Voss's ''Luise'' (1795).^(DWB|12, 2742) Duden dates it to about 1800 and the feminine ''Musikerin'' to the second half of the 19th century.^(Duden 7 2020|571)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Of the older words, [[Musikus]] (about 1500) was the more refined term in Adelung's day but is now only jocular, and [[Musikant]] (second half of the 16th century) came to mean a player for dances and entertainment, often slightingly.^(Pfeifer 1993) ''Musiker'' took over as the neutral word for a person who plays music, especially for a living, and for a member of an orchestra.^(DWB|12, 2742)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 9th century – Otfrid uses Old High German ''musica''.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|642)

+ * c. 1500 – ''Musikus'' is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * Second half of the 16th century – ''Musikant'' is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 17th century – The spelling ''Musik'' and final stress prevail.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * c. 1800 – ''Musiker'' appears.^(Duden 7 2020|571)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ * Second half of the 19th century – ''Musikerin'' appears.^(Duden 7 2020|571)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|musician]], especially one who plays or works in music professionally.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A member of an [[m|en|orchestra]]; [[Orchestermusiker]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Musikerin]]

+ * [[Berufsmusiker]]

+ * [[Orchestermusiker]]

+ * [[Straßenmusiker]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Musik]]

+ * [[Musikant]]

+ * [[Musikus]]

+ * [[musikalisch]]

+ * [[musizieren]]

+ * [[Muse]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}