Beziehung German · revision 36129

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1406|origins=ine-pro *deuk-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /bəˈtsiːʊŋ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Beziehung''' ''f'' (genitive Beziehung, plural Beziehungen)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|de|beziehen|-ung]].^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)^(DWB2|5, 165) Kluge connects it with the sense of [[beziehen]] that is most important today, “to draw together, make a connection”.^(Kluge 2011|119)

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+ The verb is [[inh|gmh|beziehen]], [[inh|goh|biziohan]], the prefix [[be-]] added to [[ziehen]].^(Kluge 2011|119)^(Paul 2002) That verb is [[m|goh|ziohan]], [[gem-pro|*teuhaną|t=to pull]], also found in [[got|𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽|tr=tiuhan|t=to lead]] and [[ang|tēon]], and it corresponds exactly to [[la|dūcō|t=to lead]]; both continue [[ine-pro|*deuk-|t=to pull]].^(Kroonen 2013)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler AHD)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Swiss legal sources of the 15th century use ''Beziehung'' for a right of pre-emption on land, the first record being from Basel in 1406.^(DWB2|5, 165) Other uses are rare in late medieval and early modern German;^(DWB2|5, 165) ''in jeder Beziehung'' “in every respect” is found in 1569.^(DWB2|5, 165)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The word has been in continuous use only since the 18th century.^(DWB2|5, 165) Paul dates it to 1678 and derives it mainly from ''sich auf etwas beziehen'' “to refer to something”, so that it came to mean “relation, connection” and, in the phrases ''in jeder Beziehung'' and ''in keiner Beziehung'', “respect”.^(Paul 2002)^(DWB2|5, 165) It was also used of the action of ''beziehen'' itself, such as the occupying of a new courthouse (Herder, 1765) or a new castle (Fontane, 1891).^(DWB2|5, 165)

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+ The sense “connection between people” is found from the late 18th century: Fichte wrote in 1794 of the relationship in which his correspondent stood with him.^(DWB2|5, 165) In the plural ''Beziehungen'' came to mean useful connections, as in Brecht.^(Paul 2002) Since the 20th century the word is also used of a love affair;^(Paul 2002) Paul notes that it spread widely in this sense with the inward-looking culture of the 1970s.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1406 – First record, in a Basel legal source, as “right of pre-emption”.^(DWB2|5, 165)

+ * 1569 – ''in jeder Beziehung'' “in every respect”.^(DWB2|5, 165)

+ * 1678 – Paul's first record of the word in its general sense.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1794 – Fichte uses it of a relationship between two people.^(DWB2|5, 165)

+ * 1970s – ''Beziehung'' becomes a usual word for a romantic partnership.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(usually plural)'' A [[m|en|connection]] or contact between people or groups: diplomatic, economic or personal relations; also useful contacts: ''seine Beziehungen spielen lassen'', to pull strings.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A love affair or romantic [[m|en|relationship]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An inner connection or mutual [[m|en|relation]] between things: ''die Beziehung zwischen Preis und Qualität'';^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE) ''in dieser Beziehung'', in this respect.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[beziehungsweise]]

+ * [[beziehungslos]]

+ * [[Liebesbeziehung]]

+ * [[Wechselbeziehung]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[beziehen]]

+ * [[Bezug]]

+ * [[bezüglich]]

+ * [[ziehen]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}