Umsatz German · revision 36126

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=early 18th century|origins=ine-pro *sed-}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * [ˈʔʊmzats]^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''Umsatz''' ''m'' (genitive Umsatzes, plural Umsätze)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|gml|ummesat|t=exchange]], a noun formed from [[m|gml|ummesetten|t=to exchange]], the Middle Low German form of [[umsetzen]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Pfeifer 1993) Duden's etymological dictionary says that the verb was taken over from Low German in the 17th century, and the noun with it.^(Duden 7 2020) The verb is formed from [[m|gml|umme|t=around]] and [[m|gml|setten|t=to set]], which is [[gem-pro|*satjan|t=to set, make sit]], the causative of the verb for “to sit” and ultimately from [[ine-pro|*sed-|t=to sit]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013)^(Köbler AHD)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Pfeifer dates the commercial sense “exchange, buying and selling in trade” to the beginning of the 18th century, after Middle Low German ''ummesat'';^(Pfeifer 1993) Middle Low German ''ummesetten'' is recorded around 1400.^(Pfeifer 1993) Paul also dates it to the early 18th century, in merchants' language, following the phrase ''Waren umsetzen'' “to turn over goods”.^(Paul 2002)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Phrases such as ''einen großen Umsatz haben'' and ''in Umsatz bringen'' belong to the language of trade.^(Paul 2002) In the 19th century the noun was also used for any change of one state or form into another: Herder writes of the ''Umsatz'' of things into images and of images into words.^(DWB|23, 1054) From the end of the 19th century physiology used it for the conversion of energy and substances in the body, as in [[Energieumsatz]] and [[Grundumsatz]].^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|23, 1054)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * About 1400 – Middle Low German ''ummesetten'' is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * Early 18th century – ''Umsatz'' in the commercial sense.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Paul 2002)

+ * Late 19th century – The physiological sense, as in ''Grundumsatz''.^(Paul 2002)

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+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The total value of goods sold or services provided in a given period; [[m|en|turnover]], [[m|en|sales]], revenue: ''Der Umsatz der Bäckerei ist im Winter gestiegen.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # ''(technical, especially medicine and chemistry)'' The [[m|en|conversion]] of energy or substances.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Umsatzsteuer]]

+ * [[Grundumsatz]]

+ * [[Energieumsatz]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[umsetzen]]

+ * [[setzen]]

+ * [[Satz]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Umsatz machen'' is jargon for making a large turnover.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}